重庆地铁采用WTMD抑制钢轨波磨及噪声的试验研究

Experimental study on using WTMD to suppress rail corrugation and noise in Chongqing metro

为研究宽频型调谐式钢轨阻尼器(Wide-frequency Tuned Mass Damper,简称WTMD)对抑制波磨和减小车内噪声的效果,基于WTMD设计原理及调频方法,通过前期测试得到钢轨波磨及噪声主频,从而确定WTMD型号,并在重庆地铁1号线双碑至石井坡上行高架桥曲线段进行了安装及现场试验研究,对同一半径(R=545 m)曲线内钢轨安装WTMD区段与未安装WTMD区段进行对比测试,测试结果表明:安装WTMD后可以改善钢轨动力特性,在安装WTMD后车厢内1.5 m处噪声降低7.2 dBA;安装WTMD后钢轨在250~5 000 Hz频带内的阻尼特性得到明显改善,钢轨纵向振动衰减率分别在垂向和横向分别最大提升约28倍(3 150 Hz)和17倍(1 250 Hz);该改造段内钢轨波磨的特征波长为40 mm,433 d跟踪测试结束时未安装WTMD的钢轨表面粗糙度级最大超出TSI 3095:2010限值达28 dB,而安装WTMD段无明显钢轨波磨现象,安装WTMD能够有效抑制钢轨波磨的发展。

In order to study the effect of Wide-frequency Tuned Mass Damper(WTMD)on suppressing wave wear and reducing interior noise,based on WTMD design principles and frequency modulation methods,rail corrugation and noise were obtained through preliminary tests.The main frequency was used to determine the WTMD model,and the installation and field test of the curve section of the upward viaduct from Shuangbei to Shijingpo of Chongqing Metro Line 1 were carried out.The WTMD section was installed and not installed on the railsof the same radius(R=545 m)WTMD section for comparative testing.The test results show that the dynamic characteristics of the rail can be improved after the WTMD is installed,and the noise is reduced by 7.2 dBA at 1.5meters in the cabin after the WTMD is installed;after installing WTMD,the damping characteristics of the rail in the frequency band of 250 to 5000 Hz have been significantly improved,and the longitudinal vibration attenuation rate of the rail has been increased by approximately 28 times(3150 Hz)and 17 times(1250 Hz)in the vertical and lateral directions respectively;The characteristic wavelength of the rail corrugation is 40 mm.At the end of the 433-day tracking test,the surface roughness of the rail without WTMD installed exceeds the limit of TSI 3095:2010 by 28 dB.However,there is no obvious rail corrugation phenomenon in the WTMD section.Effectively inhibit the development of rail corrugation.