基于使用的汉语“反义同词”意义引申机制研究——以“怀疑”为例

THE USAGE-BASED APPROACH TO THE MEANING EXTENSION MECHANISM OF CHINESE CONTRONYMS:A CASE STUDY OF HUAIYI

汉语“反义同词”的意义引申问题一直停留在理论探讨层面,并未结合实际使用中的语料进行分析,因此具有一定的局限性。“怀疑”作为汉语“反义同词”的代表,在大型CCL现代汉语语料库和广外-兰卡汉语学习者语料库中,其不同义项构成了一个动态的意义连续统。其中,“疑惑、不很相信”(怀疑①)和“猜测、有点儿相信”(怀疑②)是由语言使用者在交际过程中,基于“怀疑”的基本义以及频率和语境的作用下形成的两种与交际主体认知视角有关的意义。

Contronyms,also called auto-antonyms,are often discussed from the perspective of meaning extension mechanism.The meaning extension of Chinese contronyms has been studied in theory with certain limitations,for instance,its language use has not been verified in large corpus.The usages of huaiyi,a typical Chinese contronym,are examined in two large-scale corpora,i.e.CCL Contemporary Chinese Corpus(Center for Chinese Linguistics,Peking University)and GDUFS-Lancaster Chinese Learner Corpus.The results reveal the following patterns:a)the different senses of huaiyi constitute a meaning continuum;b)the senses of huaiyi①and huaiyi②are formed from the basic meaning and evolved under the influence of frequency and context into two distinct meanings according to different perspectives of the known or unknown events for speakers.