硕士研究生招生考试制度改革:回顾、反思与应对

Review,Reflection and Response to Reform of Postgraduate Admission and Examination System

我国硕士研究生招生考试制度改革经历了创建与探索阶段、恢复与改革阶段、深化改革与内涵发展阶段。招生方式从“个人申请、学校推荐”到“考试为主、推荐为辅”;考试形式从“招生单位自主考试”到“全国统考与招生单位自主考试相结合”,继而从“统分均可、自行选择”到“统分结合、向‘统’推进”,中间反反复复,虽不断调整,但总趋势和主旋律是“优化初试、强化复试”。我国硕士研究生招生考试制度改革取得了重大成就,但仍存在一些问题,包括改革方向上价值取向在程序公平与实体公平之间摇摆,实现路径上考试形式在“统”“分”之间反复,承载主体上权力重心在政府与招生单位之间游走。为此,需在价值取向上优先实体公平,兼顾程序公平;在考试形式上明确“统”“分”界限,相互有力支撑;在权力配置上推进“招”“考”分离,重心逐渐下移。

The reform of the admission and examination system for postgraduates in China has experienced three stages including creation and exploration, recovery and reform, deepening reform and connotation development. Admission methods developed from "individual application and school recommendation"to "examination-based and recommendation-assisted";the examination style has undergone the stages of "separated examination of admissions college""combination of national unified examination and college admission separated examination""free choice of either unified or separated examination", and "the combination of unified and separated examination, with the tendency of combination". Although the adjustment is constantly made, the general trend and the main theme are"optimization of the initial test and reinforcement of the retest."The reform of the admission and examination system for postgraduates has made great achievements, but there are still some problems, including the value orientation of reform swinging between procedural fairness and substantial fairness, and the form of examination repeated between "unification" and "separation", and the power center of undertaker is moving between the government and the admissions college. To this question, it is necessary to give priority to the substantial fairness but taking into account the procedural fairness;to define the boundaries of "unification" and "separation" in the form of examination so both sides could support each other;to promote the separation of "admission"and"examination"and gradually shift the power centers downwards.