论应急征用制度的构建

On the Emergency Requisition System

为了有效应对突发事件,行政机关可以依法对相对人实施应急征用,然而应急征用对相对人相关权利的限制超出了其所应当承受的公共责任的限度,属于出于公共利益的特别牺牲,所以为了规范政府应急征用的权力,保护相对人的合法权益,必须对应急征用制度予以规范。应急征用制度的核心架构包括征用的主体、客体、程序和补偿。进一步,应该规范应急征用的主体类型,廓清主体的权责;确定应急征用的客体范围,禁止超范围征用;设计应急征用的程序,保障依程序征用;细化应急征用的补偿,保证有征用必有补偿。

In order to respond to emergencies effectively,administrative agencies can implement emergency requisition of counterparties in accordance with the law.However,the restrictions on the relative rights of counterparties by emergency requisition exceed the limits of their public responsibility,which is a special sacrifice for the public interest.Therefore,in order to regulate the government’s emergency requisition power and protect the rights and interests of counterparties,the emergency requisition system must be standardized.The core structure of the emergency requisition system includes the subject,object,procedures and compensation of the requisition.Further,the types of subjects for emergency requisition should be standardized,and the rights and responsibilities of the subjects should be standardized;the scope of the objects of emergency requisition should be determined,and over-range requisitions should be prohibited;the procedures for emergency requisitions should be designed to ensure requisition in accordance with the procedures;and the compensation for emergency requisitions should be detailed,and guarantee that there is compensation for expropriation.