社会工作伦理的三种经典理论解释进路

Three Classical Theoretical Approaches to Social Work Ethics

伦理理论是明辨伦理抉择论证的基石,它协助社会工作者解决伦理困境,并为抉择方案提供学理支撑。然而,无论是社会工作伦理教育抑或是社会工作伦理研究,都对伦理理论鲜有论及。本文试图从社会工作伦理的经典理论进路出发,分析结果论、义务论、美德论三种不同理论的旨趣,即结果论关心社会工作者的行为结果,义务论在乎社会工作者的责任,而美德论注重社会工作者的德性。最后,文章认为社会工作者在实务工作中应当迈向伦理理论的整合与运用,以便更好地面对社会工作伦理困境的挑战,勇担社会工作的专业使命。

Ethical theory is the cornerstone of argumentation for ethical decision,assisting social workers in resolving ethical dilemmas,and providing the doctrinal underpinnings for solutions.However,ethical theory has not been addressed much in either social work ethics education or social work ethics research.This article attempts to analyze the three classical theoretical approaches of social work ethics,consequentialism is concerned with the outcomes of social workers'behavior,deontology is concerned with social workers'responsibilities,and virtue ethics focuses on social workers'virtues.Finally,the article argues that social workers should move toward the integration and application of ethical theories in their practice in order to better face the challenges of ethical dilemmas in social work and take up the professional mission of social work.