不同台风等级对珠海城市绿化树木的影响

Impacts of Typhoons with Different Wind Scales on the Urban Greening Trees in Zhuhai City

为探明不同台风等级对城市绿化树木的影响,根据台风“天鸽”及“海高斯”在珠海市的登陆路径,划分14、12、10共3种风力等级影响范围,按城市绿地分类,选取113个调查样区,采用典型抽样法,每个调查样区设置1个400 m^(2)样方,调查记录样方内所有径级超过5 cm树种名称、受灾特征等因子,并用Excel 2010和SPSS 20.0软件进行相关数据处理,结果表明:(1)风力等级越大,受害树种种类及数量越多、受害程度越严重,风害值越大;在14、12、10级风力侵击下,其受害树种比例分别为92.65%、58.14%和44.74%,受害树木数量比例分别为46.45%、31.29%和16.01%;平均风害值分别为0.344、0.181和0.072。(2)风力对不同树种侵击产生的风害值存在极显著差异(P<0.01);风害值可用作分析树木受害情况的量度指标,预判或评价树木抗风的能力。(3)台风侵击后风害值较小的树木,可选择为沿海城市绿化树种;风害值中等的树种,应在台风季节前应做好防护措施;风害值较高的树种,建议慎用。

To explore different typhoons’impacts on urban greening trees,we selected 113 surveyed regions and used typical sampling method to set sample plots with 400 m^(2) on the basis of the landing paths of‘Hato’and‘Higos’as well as the classification of three typhoons’wind scales at level 14,12,and 10.We investigated and recorded all the trees with diameter over 5 cm and damaged characteristics and analyzed them with Excel 2010 and Spss 20.0.Our results showed:(1)With higher wind scale,a higher number of tree species were damaged seriously and the wind damage values(WDV)were hight.Under the wind scales at level 14,12 and 10,the percentages of affected tree species were 92.65%,58.14%,and 44.74%.The percentages of affected trees were 46.45%,31.29%,and 16.01%.The averaged WDV were 0.344,0.181 and 0.072.(2)WDV caused by different wind scales were extremely significantly different(P<0.01).WDV could be used to analyze how much the trees were damaged by typhoons and to predict trees’anti-wind capacities.(3)The trees with low WDV after the attacking of a typhoon can be selected as coastal urban greening trees;the trees with medium WDV should be well pre-protected before typhoon comes;the trees with high WDV were suggested to be cautiously considered in coastal urban areas.