我国反恐法治建设二十年:回顾与展望

Twenty Years’Rule of Law for Chinese Anti-terrorism:Review and Prospect

以1997年《中华人民共和国刑法》中的“组织、领导、参加恐怖活动组织罪”起算,我国的反恐法治建设已经二十年有余。经过二十多年的发展,我国反恐领域的法律法规基本完备,无论是《中华人民共和国刑法》还是作为反恐基本法的《中华人民共和国反恐怖主义法》,以及司法解释、反恐地方性法规,满足了反恐“有法可依”的要求。但是在反恐司法实践中,还存在认定标准、法律程序、工作机制不明确、不规范等问题,以及极端主义犯罪罪名适用率不高、去极端化领域全国性法律缺失等需要完善的地方。在全球反恐的“后伊斯兰国”时代,我们需要在规范使用相关概念、提高极端主义犯罪罪名适用率、警惕认定恐怖活动犯罪的扩大化倾向、创新反恐治理形式、用法治手段构建我国的反恐话语权等方面完善反恐法治建设,提升我国反恐领域治理体系和治理能力现代化水平。

Since China’s Criminal Law of 1997 which defined“the crime of organizing,leading,and participating in terrorist organizations”,the rule of law for anti-terrorism has been developing for more than 20 years.During this period,Chinese law and regulation system against terrorism is generally established,covering criminal law and specific Anti-Terrorism Law,as well as judicial interpretations and relative local laws and regulations,which provides legal ground against terrorist crimes.But in judicial practice,identification standards,legal procedures,and working mechanism are unclear and arbitrary;or the verdict of extremist crime is seldom used;or state laws about de-radicalization are still absent,etc.All above needs to be improved.In the“post-Islamic State”era of global anti-terrorism,we have to standardize the related concepts,properly use the verdicts of extremist crime,prevent the overuse of terrorist identification,innovate anti-terrorism management forms,and build Chinese discourse on anti-terrorism so as to improve the legal construction,and promote the governance system and capability in such a field.