生态环境损害赔偿磋商的属性界定与制度展开——以双阶理论为视角

Legal Nature and Institutions of Consultation for Ecological Environment Damage Compensation——From the Perspective of Two-step Theory

生态环境损害赔偿磋商制度既蕴含自由协商的私法自治内涵,又体现公益维护的行政主导特征,故而其法律性质定位存在"私法属性论"和"公法属性论"的论争。"公私对立"视野下生态环境损害赔偿磋商制度的属性识别禁锢于"非公即私"的思维定势之中,无法找寻洽切的解释路径,也不利于赔偿磋商制度的运行与实践。在公私法协动视野下以德国法上的双阶理论为基础,全方位审视赔偿磋商制度运行中的多重法律关系,合理界定磋商制度的法律性质,确立前阶公法属性和后阶私法属性的应然构造,从而消解现有的学理争议。生态环境损害赔偿磋商制度应通过赋权与控权综合平衡的内部制约、以多元主体共治模式为支撑的外部监督、突破单一路径依赖的权利(权力)救济等维度予以完善和展开。

The consultation for ecological environment damage compensation not only embodies the autonomy of private law, but also shows the administrative features of public interest protection.There is a debate on the legal nature of the consultation——private or public domain.From the perspective of this kind of binary opposition, it is hard to find a sound explanation for its nature and difficult to promote the practice of consultation.Based on the two-step theory, it should be emphasized to comprehensively examine the multiple legal relations in compensation consultation and reasonably determine the legal nature with the coordination of private law and the public law sides so as to eliminate the theoretical differences and the problems in practice.The consultation for ecological environment damage compensation should be further improved through the internal restriction with balance between empowerment and control, external supervision supported by the joint participation of multiple subjects, and right(power) remedy without the single-path dependence.