参与式社区治理的实践路径与建构机制——基于互动仪式理论的多案例研究

Practice Path and Construction Mechanism of Participatory Community Governance——A Multi-case Study Based on Interactive Ritual Theory

中国情境下的参与式社区治理实践包含两重命题,一是如何有效扩大社区参与,二是如何将社区的参与优势转化为治理优势。既有研究揭示了参与式社区建设的影响要素及主要功能,为进一步揭示各要素间的关联机制,进而系统揭示参与式社区治理的实践路径,本文引入互动仪式理论,通过对九个参与式社区治理经验的民族志分析,尝试提出参与式社区建设的微观互动框架。在此框架下,社区参与扩大的实践路径为居委会需求发掘、居民积极分子联络、需求优先性排序和多元化的组织保障;社区参与秩序的生成过程为各治理主体互相关注、进而建立情感纽带、确立社区治理的公共规则,并据此实现利益保护;而社区治理绩效增进则是邻里社区建构、社会距离、权力距离和社区融合同时改善的共同结果。研究结论为推动和优化参与式社区治理实践提供了启示。

The practice of participatory community governance in China contains two propositions: one is how to effectively expand community participation, and the other is how to transform community participation advantages into governance advantages.This paper introduces the interactive ritual theory, and tries to put forward the micro idea of participatory community construction through the ethnographic analysis of nine participatory community governance experiences.Based on the interactive framework, the paper points out that the basic elements of interactive ritual are demand exploration, residents’ activists, priority ranking and organizational security;the basic process of constructing interactive ritual chain is mutual concern, emotional ties, public rules and interest protection;the core power of expanding interactive ritual chain is to construct neighborhood community, shorten social distance and power distance, and promote community integration.The emergence of interactive ceremony and the construction of interactive ceremony chain give an answer to the practical path of effectively expanding community participation, and the construction and expansion of interactive ceremony chain reveal the transformation path from participation advantage to governance advantage.The conclusion of the study provides inspiration for promoting and optimizing the practice of participatory community governance.