两阶段视角下中国高校科技创新效率的溢出效应研究

The Spillover Effect of Scientific & Technological Innovation Efficiency of Universities in China from the Two-stage Perspective

我国高校之间教育资源配置不平衡,加上互动频繁,导致各高校科技创新效率存在差异,且可能有溢出现象,但尚未受到关注。为此,本文基于2007—2018年中国27个省份的数据,将高校科技创新过程划分为知识创新和成果转化两个相互关联的子阶段,然后利用两阶段DEA方法测算高校科技创新整体效率、知识创新效率以及成果转化效率,并构建空间杜宾模型估计高校科技创新效率的空间溢出效应及其影响因素。结果表明:第一,在样本期间内,总体上我国高校成果转化效率高于知识创新效率,但它们的效率水平由高到低的地区分布均为:西部-东部-中部。第二,高校之间科技创新整体效率和知识创新效率的空间溢出效应较弱,而成果转化效率具有明显的空间溢出效应。第三,高校知识创新效率尚未对成果转化效率产生明显的空间溢出效应。最后,产学合作程度的提高促进了周边地区知识创新效率的提高,但未对成果转化效率产生明显的空间溢出效应。

The unbalanced allocation of educational resources among universities in China, coupled with frequent interactions, has led to differences in the efficiency of scientific and technological(S&T) innovation among universities, and there may be spillovers, which has not yet received necessary attention.For this reason, based on the data of 27 provinces in China from 2007 to 2018,this paper divides the S&T innovation process of universities into two interrelated sub-stages of knowledge innovation and achievement transformation, then uses the two-stage DEA approach to measure the overall efficiency, knowledge innovation efficiency and achievement transformation efficiency, and develops a spatial Durbin model to estimate the spatial spillover effects of the S&T innovation efficiency of universities and relevant influencing factors.The results reveal that: first, during the sample period, on the whole, the efficiency of achievement transformation in China’s universities is higher than that of knowledge innovation, but the regional distribution of their efficiency levels from high to low shows as: west-east-central China.Second, the spatial spillover effect of the overall efficiency of S&T innovation and knowledge innovation efficiency among universities is weak, while the efficiency of achievement transformation has an significant spatial spillover effect.Third, the efficiency of knowledge innovation in universities has not yet produced a significant spatial spillover effect on the efficiency of achievement transformation.Finally, the increased degree of university-industry cooperation promotes the improvement of knowledge innovation efficiency in the neighboring regions without significant spatial spillover effect on the efficiency of achievement transformation.