西方户外教育思想的源流考释

Origination and Development of Western Outdoor-education Intelligence

户外教育是位于(in)、关于(about)并为了(for)户外的教育。厘清户外教育思想的演进逻辑,是系统了解西方户外教育实践导向的关键,亦是推动我国户外教育发展的必要参照。从历史和比较研究的视角,以时间为经,以代表人物为纬,系统考释西方户外教育思想的源流后认为,西方户外教育思想源远流长,户外教育起源于自然学习,初步形成以体验教育为核心的思想体系,在透过自然学习的滋养并综合了体验教育的基础上发展为环境生态教育。在这一进程中,人与自然的关系是户外教育思想发展的根本驱动力,人对自然认识的深化是思想演变的根本动因,"全人"的发展是户外教育思想的核心议题和发展方向。西方户外教育思想的演进规律对推动我国户外教育的发展具有借鉴意义。

Outdoor-education is education in, about, and for the out-of-doors.To clarify the evolution logic of outdoor education is the key to understand the practice orientation of western outdoor-education, and it is also a necessary reference to promote the development of outdoor education in China.From the perspective of history and comparative study, taking time and representative characters as the reference, this paper interprets the origin and flow of western outdoor education intelligence.Outdoor-education originates from nature-study and developes into environmental ecological education through the nourishment of nature-study and the synthesis of experience education.In this process, the relationship between human-being and nature is the fundamental driving force of the development of outdoor-education intelligence;the deepening of human’s understanding of nature is the fundamental motive force of ideological evolution, and the development of all human-beings is the core topic and development direction of outdoor-education intelligence.The evolution law of western outdoor-education intelligence is significance as the reference to promote outdoor-education in China.