溢油事故中渔业资源损失的数值模拟评估模式

Numerical simulation evaluation model of fishery resources loss in oil spill

海洋溢油污染不仅关系到天然渔业资源、海鸟等生物、海域环境、海岸线生态的破坏,而且对渔业、捕捞业、旅游业都会造成巨大损失,甚至会直接或间接地危害人类的健康。短期来看,一方面石油、燃料油等进入海洋后,对海洋生物资源造成影响;另一方面会危害附近海区的海洋环境,侵害海洋生物以及海鸟赖以生存和栖息的环境。长期来看,持续的海洋污染会导致的生态环境失衡,海洋的生产力也随之下降。溢油事故中的渔业资源损失评估作为追究污染事故责任,尽快恢复海域资源与环境的重要一环需要不断改进创新。为了定量确定海洋溢油事故发生后渔业资源的损失程度,将传统的评估模式与现代科学技术相结合,通过海洋动力学、流体力学、海洋生物学、环境化学等多个学科交叉融合,将流场风场模型、溢油模型、海域调查监测、卫星遥感技术、毒性效应和渔业资源的损失评估方法相结合,形成一种渔业资源损失评估的数值模拟评估模式,以完善溢油事故中渔业资源损失评估体系。在溢油事故现场监测数据的基础上,运用数学计算理论选择相对应的溢油模型,结合具体溢油事故案例的潮流数据和风场数据,模拟海上溢油污染的时空分布情况。采用卫星遥感技术根据不同油品在海水中不同的亮度表现,处理得到溢油油膜信息,与模拟得到的油膜信息进行比对验证,并对模型进行修正,通过模拟得出污染海域油浓度分布与溢油污染范围信息,结合溢油污染对不同海洋生物的毒性效应,得到渔业资源的损失程度,为溢油事故的渔业资源损失评估提供一种思路,为溢油事故发生后的损失评估和事故处理起到一定的参考辅助作用。

Marine oil spill pollution is not only related to the destruction of natural fishery resources, seabirds and other organisms, the marine environment, and the coastline ecology, but also causes huge losses to fisheries, fishing, and tourism, and even directly or indirectly endangers human health. In the short term, on the one hand, when oil and fuel oil enter the ocean, they will affect marine living resources;on the other hand, it will harm the marine environment in the nearby sea area, and infringe marine life and the environment on which seabirds live and inhabit. In the long run, continuous ocean pollution leads to an imbalance in the ocean′s ecological environment, and the productivity of the ocean decreases accordingly. As an important part of investigating the responsibility for pollution accidents and recovering marine resources and the environment as soon as possible, the assessment of fishery resources loss in oil spills needs continuous improvement and innovation. This article combines traditional assessment models with modern science and technology. In order to quantitatively determine the degree of loss of fishery resources after a marine oil spill, we integrated the interdisciplinary knowledge of marine dynamics, fluid mechanics, marine biology, environmental chemistry and other disciplines. Combining flow field wind field model, oil spill model, sea area survey and monitoring, satellite remote sensing technology, toxicity effect and fishery resource loss assessment method, a numerical simulation assessment model for fishery resource loss assessment is developed to improve fishery resource loss assessment system in oil spill accident. On the basis of on-site monitoring data of oil spill accidents, the corresponding oil spill models are selected using mathematical calculation theory, combined with the tide data and wind field data of specific oil spill accident cases, to simulate the spatial and temporal distribution of oil spill pollution at sea. By satellite remote sensing technology, the oil film information is processed and compared with the simulated oil film information to verify the model according to the different brightness performance of different oil products in the seawater. The model is modified to obtain the concentration distribution and the polluted extent of oil on the surface of contaminated sea, which could be combined with the toxic effects of oil spill pollution on different marine organisms so as to provide us the degree of fishery resources loss. Also, it provides a way for the assessment of fishery resources loss caused by oil spill accidents, and plays a certain reference and auxiliary role for the loss assessment and accident settlement after the oil spill.