日本“国语高考”中汉文试题的选文来源研究

Research on the Source of Selected Articles of Chinese Test Questions in the National Language Subject for the Japanese University Entrance Examination

汉文试题是日本“高考”——日本大学入学中心考试(大学入試センター試験)国语科目中固定的考试题型,其考查内容源于我国古代的文史经典原著。在选取2001—2019年日本大学中心考试“国语”科汉文试题为研究对象的基础上,发现“汉文”试题的选材主要来自我国“子部”典籍中的笔记小说、史类随笔、议论散文三类,以及“集部”典籍中的别集与诗文评论。在选材标准上,汉文试题多选取200字左右短小的文段,前期选文主要选取小说,重情节叙事,内容多表现美德品质;近年来的选文更青睐散文、重议论说理,淡化寓意、偏重抽象思辨。

In Japanese University Entrance Examination, Chinese reading test is a fixed section in the National language subject, and its content is derived from ancient Chinese literary and historical classics. On the basis of the Chinese language test questions of the Japanese University Entrence Examination from 2001 to 2019 as the research object, it is found that the sources of this part mainly come from three categories in the “Zibu” classics in China, including the notebook novels, historical essays and argumentative essays,as well as special anthologies and poem reviews in the “Jibu” classics. In terms of material selection criteria, it prefers those short paragraphs around 200 words. The early selection of articles mainly focused on novels which are plot-oriented with contents demonstrating virtue and quality.In recent years, the selection shifted to prose, which emphasizes arguing and reasoning,downplays implications and focuses on abstract speculation.