荀子人性论与名学的交互研究

A Cross Study of Xunzi’s Theory of Human Nature and Logic

荀子名学是其人性论得以构建的逻辑基础,人性论内容则体现了荀子名学灵活性与片面性的二重特征。其中,荀子对“性”“伪”“化”的新界定为其人性论提供了概念支撑,状实二分法为人性演化理论提供了主要思路。此外荀子在概念层面强调“性伪之分”,在实践层面强调“性伪合”,体现其“用名”之灵活性。然而在圣人与常人之性的同异问题上,荀子的论断陷入片面。荀子擅长通过状实之辨来正名定辞,可在将“名”组织成“辞”即形成判断、命题的过程中,他却一味地以“实”(实质性方面)为判断的依准,轻视“状”(事物自身的非本质方面)的作用——在实践中,这种思维偏差会导致盖然性失误。

Xunzi’s theory of Ming(名)was the logical basis for the construction of his theory of human nature,while the content of his theory of human nature embodied the dual characteristics of flexibility and one sidedness.Among them,Xunzi’s redefinition of Xing(性),Wei(伪)and Hua(化)provided a conceptual support for his theory of human nature,and the dichotomy of Zhuang(状)and Shi(实)provided the main idea for the theory of human nature.In addition,Xunzi emphasized the concept of“the distinction of Xing and Wei”,and their internal relationship in practice,reflecting the flexibility of Ming’using.However,Xunzi’s conclusion fell into one-sided on the issue of similarities and differences between sages and ordinary people.Xunzi was good at clarifying the connotation of Ming by distinguishing Zhuang and Shi.In the process of organizing Ming into Words(辞),that was,forming judgments and propositions,he blindly took Shi(substantive aspect)as the criterion of judgment,and despised the role of Zhuang(the non essential aspect of things).In practice,this kind of thinking deviation will lead to probable errors.