《左传》中“饮之酒”类结构的语义类型——兼与潘秋平先生商榷

The Semantic Types of“Yin zhi jiu(饮之酒)”Structure in Zuo Zhuan(《左传》)——and A Dialog with Prof.Pan Qiuping

《左传》中“饮之酒”这样的结构,目前学界都认为是双宾语结构,但对其语义类型有不同的看法。潘秋平提出由动词“饮、食、佩”构成的双宾语结构的语义类型是“与格兼使动类”,我们认为是值得商榷的。“饮”“食”等二价动词,用作使动用法后,发生增价现象。既带受事宾语,又带使动宾语,构成使动双宾语结构,其语义类是表达致使义。当使动宾语属于[+有生]时,表达间接致使义,如“饮之酒”和“衣之偏衣”;当使动宾语属于[-有生]时,表达直接致使义,如“枕之股”和“衣之王服”。

The structure of“yin zhi jiu(饮之酒)”in Zuo Zhuan(《左传》)is currently regarded as a double object structure in academic circles.But there are different views on its semantic types.Pan Qiuping proposed that the semantic type of double object structure composed of verb“yin,shi,pei(饮,食,佩)”is“dative and causative”,which we think is questionable.The bivalent verbs such as“yin(饮)”and“shi(食)”are used as causative,and they increase in price.They carry both the subjective object and the causative object,forming a double-object structure of causative.This type of double-object structure expresses causative meaning.When the cause of the object belongs to“you sheng[+有生]”,it means indirect causatives,such as“yin zhi jiu(饮之酒)”and“yi zhi pian yi(衣之偏衣)”;When the causal object belongs to“you sheng[-有生]”,it usually means direct causatives,such as“zhen zhi gu(枕之股)”and“yi zhi wang fu(衣之王服)”.