面向微服务架构的开发组织适应性评估框架

Evaluation Framework for Development Organizations’Adaptability to Micro-services Architecture

目前,一种称为微服务的架构风格正受到越来越多的关注.它给软件项目带来好处的同时,也影响着使用微服务架构的开发组织.研究目的是明确微服务的使用对开发组织产生了哪些影响,这些影响对于组织来说是优势还是挑战.对此进行了一次系统文献综述,并通过元-民族志对定性数据进行合成,最终得出了使用微服务架构对组织产生影响的7个方面,分别是组织结构、自治团队、技术/工具、组织文化、开发人员、DevOps和通信.同时,基于系统文献综述的结果发现,虽然大量微服务的研究都强调为了充分获取微服务带来的预期收益就必须解决组织问题,但是目前针对组织问题发表的学术文献依然较少,因此将那些可能更接近于工业界观点的、高质量的灰色文献也纳入到工作中.根据系统文献综述的结果以及对定性数据的合成,得出了4条更高阶的解释,并提出了一个适应性评估框架.此评估框架可以帮助公司评估并提高开发组织对于微服务架构的适应性,为开发组织在面向微服务开发的过程中提供了指导意见.最后,为了验证所提出的适应性评估框架,面向工业界设计并实施了有针对性的问卷调查和行业访谈,两者的结果验证了所提出的适应性评估框架的有效性.

At present,an architectural style called microservices is receiving more and more attention.While it brings benefits to software projects,it also affects development organizations that use microservices architectures.This study’s goal is to clarify the impact of microservices on the organization,whether these effects are beneficial or challenging for the organization.A systematic literature review is conducted and qualitative data are synthesized through meta-ethnography.Finally,seven aspects of using microservices architecture to affect an organization are identified,namely,organizational structure,autonomous team,technology/tool,organizational culture,developer,DevOps,and communication.At the same time,it is also found that although a lot of researches on microservices emphasizes that in order to fully obtain the expected benefits of microservices,it is necessary to solve organizational problems,currently there are few scholarly literatures published on organizational problems.Hence high quality grey literatures,which may be close to the viewpoint of industry,are also included in this study.Based on the result of systematic literature review and synthesis of qualitative data,four higher-order explanations have come up and an evaluation framework is proposed that helps companies evaluate and improve the adaptability of their development organizations to microservices architectures.The proposed evaluation framework provides the guidelines for development organizations adapt to microservices.Finally,based on the framework,this paper designed and conducted an industrial survey and interviews.The results of both confirmed the effectiveness of the adaptability evaluation framework proposed in this paper.