基于GIS视域分析的校园夜间出行安全性评价模型研究

Research on an Evaluation Model for Safe Night-Time Travel on Campus Using GIS Viewshed Analysis

城市夜间出行安全受到多种因素影响,如何利用建成环境要素来预防犯罪是创造安全社区的重要命题。基于此,文章以提高街道视线监控效果为出发点,利用GIS视域分析工具量化路灯、摄像头、报警柱、人群密度、“街道眼”这5大要素对夜间出行安全性的空间影响,运用GIS技术建构涵盖不同时间的夜间出行安全性评价模型,进而基于该模型提出保障夜间出行安全性的优化策略,并进行3大设施(路灯、摄像头、报警柱)优化模拟分析。文章以湖南大学南校区为案例,验证了该模型的可行性,希望能给规划师提供完善街道安全性设计和实施的指导性技术框架,从而加强良好社会环境的引导和治安安全管理.

The safety of city night-time travel is affected by many factors. The use of built environment elements to prevent crimes has become an important measure to create safer communities. Based on this proposition, this research produces a night-time travel safety evaluation model to improve sight monitoring for the safety of night-time travel, and uses the GIS viewshed analysis tool in assessing the spatial impact of the five elements(street lights, surveillance cameras, alarms, crowd density, and street eyes). Furthermore, based on the model, an optimization strategy for the three major facilities(street lights, surveillance cameras, and alarms) to ensure the safety of night-time travel is proposed, and an optimization simulation analysis is given. Taking the south campus of Hunan University as an example to verify the feasibility of the model, this study hopes to provide planners with guiding technical framework to improve the design and implementation of street safety, so as to strengthen the guidance of a good social environment and public security management.