BBNJ协定谈判的焦点与中国的路径选择

The Focus of BBNJ Agreement Negotiation and China’s Choice

在《联合国海洋法公约》遇到新的挑战时,以养护和可持续利用国家管辖范围外海域的海洋生物多样性为目标的国际协定(即BBNJ)成为全球海洋秩序调整和利益整合的新方案,其争议焦点主要集中在海洋遗传资源、海洋保护区、环境影响评估与能力建设和海洋技术转让四个实质性领域。对此,欧盟、美俄和77国集团均根据各自的目标和利益诉求展开博弈。中国作为负责任的海洋大国,在美国不愿继续承担全球海洋治理大国责任的情况下,需积极参与、主动引领BBNJ国际协定谈判。在百年未有之大变局加速演变和全球海洋治理秩序深刻调整的时代背景下,中国需抓住机遇,以联合国为核心,以“人类命运共同体”为价值理念指导,积极推进国际软法新秩序的建设,掌握国际规则创制、议程设置及话语主动权,为全球海洋治理贡献独特的中国智慧和中国方案。

When the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS)encounters new challenges,the International Conference on the Conservation and Sustainable use of Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction(BBNJ agreement)has become a new global solution to the reordering of the oceans and the integration of interests.The controversy focuses on the four substantive areas,that is,marine genetic resources,marine protected areas,environmental impact assessment and capacity building and technology transfer.In this regard,the European Union,the United States,Russia,and the Group of 77 have all started the games based on their own goals and interests.Given that the United States may not be able to continue to assume the responsibilities of a global maritime governance country,China,as a responsible maritime country,has not only launched substantive actions in leading the BBNJ agreement negotiations,but also proposed concepts such as“community with a shared future for mankind”.In the context of the profound adjustment of the global maritime governance order,China,under the guidance of the United Nations as the core and the“community with a shared future for mankind”as the value concept,needs to seize the opportunities to actively promote the construction of a new international soft law order,grasp the initiative in international rule-making,agenda-setting and discourse power,and contribute unique Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to global ocean governance.