北京市972例学龄前儿童运动协调性现况调查

Investigation on motor coordination ability of 972 preschool children in Beijing

目的:了解学龄前儿童的运动协调性现状,为学龄前儿童的早期运动干预计划提供参考依据。方法:2018年8月—2019年8月在本市选取6所托幼机构共计972名3~6岁学龄前儿童,应用儿童运动协调性测评工具(MABC-2测试法)对儿童进行运动协调性评估调查。结果:研究对象分为3.0~3.5岁、3.5~4.0岁、4.0~4.5岁、4.5~5.0岁、5.0~5.5岁、5.5~6.0岁、6.0~6.5岁7组,随着儿童年龄的增加,手灵巧度测试耗时不断降低(P<0.001),目标抓取成功数量、静态平衡维持时间不断增加(P<0.001),男孩手灵巧度测试耗时高于女孩(91.9,84.4;P<0.05),静态平衡维持时间低于女孩(37.4,25.1;P<0.05);5.5岁前目标抓取成功数量无性别差异(P>0.05)。结论:不同性别儿童的运动协调性在不同年龄段存在差异,参加早期教育和运动技能学习班对儿童手部灵巧性而言可能是保护性因素。

Objective:To understand the current situation of preschoolers’motor coordination ability,and to provide evidences for early exercise intervention plan of preschoolers.Methods:From August 2018 to August 2019,a total of 972 preschoolers aged 3-6 years were selected from 6 nursery institutions in Beijing.The children’s sports coordination ability assessment tool(MABC-2 test)was used to evaluate the children’s sports coordination ability.Results:The subjects were divided into 7 groups,which included 3.0-3.5 years old group,3.5-4.0 years old group,4.0-4.5 years old group,4.5-5.0 years old group,5.0-5.5 years old group,5.5-6.0 years old group,and 6.0-6.5 years old group.With the increase of the children’s age,the hand dexterity time decreased continuously(P<0.001),and the number of successful target grabbing and the static balance maintenance time increased continuously(P<0.001).The hand dexterity time of boys was significant higher than that of girls(91.9,84.4;P<0.05),the maintenance time of static balance of boys was significant lower than that of girls(37.4,25.1;P<0.05).There was no significant different in the number of successful target grabbing before 5.5 years old between boys and girls.Conclusion:The motor coordination ability of children with different genders is different at different ages,and participation in early education and motor skill classes may be a protective factor for children’s hand dexterity.