基于投入产出理论的水资源研究进展及水资源管理展望

Review on water resources based on input-output theory and prospect of water resources management

近年来,气候变化背景下的水资源问题得到日益增加的关注,其研究从水资源短缺、供需平衡等内容转向适应可持续发展的综合研究。基于投入产出理论的水资源研究,从系统循环的角度分析资源的流动性和持续性,能够揭示水资源-经济社会复合系统中各要素的内在数量关系,提出面向可持续发展的水资源价值观和方法论。首先,从模型拓展和实际应用两条主线梳理了国内外基于投入产出理论的水资源相关研究。在模型方面,概括了投入占用产出模型、水资源投入产出模型和区域间投入产出模型的发展和适用性,对比分析了不同区域间投入产出模型的优缺点。在应用方面,分别从不同时空尺度、驱动力因素等方面对虚拟水、水足迹和水资源优化配置三个热点内容进行了整理,并指出:基于投入产出理论的水资源研究基本建立在价值型模型的基础上;区域间投入产出模型已成为分析区域间经济结构、资源流动等环境问题的重要工具。其次,讨论了投入产出模型在冰冻圈水资源管理中的应用,提出基于服务角度的水资源管理模式。最后,展望了投入产出理论在水资源研究中的应用,以期能够为决策者提供额外的信息以便更好的管理水资源。

In recent years,more and more attention has been paid given to water resources problem under the climate change,relating research has also shifted from water shortage,supply and demand balance to comprehensive research to adjust to sustainable development.Based on the input-output theory,the study of water resources analyze the mobility and sustainability of water resources from the perspective of system cycle,revealing the internal quantitative relationship between various elements in the water resources economic and social complex system,and put forward the value and methodology of water resources for sustainable development.This paper firstly reviewed research on water resources based on the input-output theory from domestic and foreign research from the two main lines of model expansion and practical application.In terms of model,the development and applicability of input-occupancy output model,water resource input-output model and inter-regional input-output model are summarized,meanwhile compared and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of input-output models between different regions.In terms of application,aiming at the three hot topics of virtual water,water footprint and water resources optimal allocation reviewed through temporal and spatial scales and driving force respectively.It is pointed out that:the research of water resources based on input-output theory is basically based on the value model.Inter-regional input-output model has become an important tool for analyzing environmental problems such as interregional economic structure and resource flow.Secondly,the application of inputoutput model on cryospheric freshwater resources management was discussed.Finally,the paper prospects the application of input-output theory in water resources research,expected to provide additional information for policy makers to better manage water resources the application of input-output theory in water resources research is looked forward to provide additional information to decision makers in order to better manage.