中医古籍皮肤病分类方法系统综述

A Systematic Review of the Dermonosology in Ancient Books of Traditional Chinese Medicine

目的系统总结中医古籍中对皮肤病的分类经验,为建立基于中医疾病诊断体系的皮肤病分类方法提供参考。方法通过通读《中华医典》(第5版)和《中国医籍大辞典》、《中医外科伤科名著集成》所载文献目录的方式,对1911年以前所有记载有对皮肤病进行分类的中医综合性医书和中医外科专著中皮肤病分类方法进行系统综述。结果中医古籍中对皮肤病的分类可归纳为按照病因、体表部位、疾病性质、脏腑归属、皮损性质和综合性分类等6种分类方法。结论中医古籍中的各种皮肤病分类法各有优劣,为适应中医皮肤科事业的发展,中医皮肤科应建立以病性为主,以病因、病位、皮损特点为辅的,具有中医特色的综合分类方法。

Objective To systematically summarize the experiences of skin disease classifications in ancient books of Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and to provide reference for the establishment of dermonosology based on the diagnosis system of TCM.Methods The classification of dermatoses were systematically reviewed from all the TCM books published before 1911 A.D.by reading through the catalogue of books,including Chinese Medical Dictionary(Zhonghua Yidian)(the 5 th edition),the Great Dictionary of Chinese Medical Books(Zhongguo Yiji Dacidian),and Collection of Famous Works of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery and Traumatology(Zhongyi Waikeshangke Mingzhu Jicheng).Results The classification of skin diseases in ancient books of TCM were summarized into six classification methods,according to etiology,body surface,nature of disease,attribution of Zang-fu organs,nature of skin lesions and comprehensive classification,respectively.Conclusion Various skin disease classification methods in ancient TCM books have their own advantages and disadvantages.A comprehensive classification method with the characteristics of TCM,which is mainly based on the nature of disease,supplemented by the etiology,location and skin lesions,is recommended to adapt to the development of the dermatology in TCM.