促红细胞生成素的生理功能及生成来源

Erythropoietin's biological function and source

促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)又称红细胞刺激因子,是一种由165个氨基酸组成的内源性34000大小的糖蛋白激素。EPO主要来源于胎儿时期的肝脏,出生后主要在肾脏合成,但在肝脏、肾脏、脑、生殖系统、骨髓巨噬细胞、乳腺都有自主分泌EPO,其生成受到缺氧诱导因子等调控。EPO能显著刺激红细胞的增殖、存活,促进造血,目前已在临床上用于治疗慢性肾性贫血,以及骨髓肿瘤和骨髓增生异常引起的贫血。EPO生理功能极其广泛,遍及动物生命的各个系统,除了能显著促进造血,还具有促进血管生成、脑保护、肾脏保护、心脏保护、调节代谢、调节呼吸、保护消化系统和生殖系统等作用。EPO缺失的动物几乎不能存活,EPO对于生命具有至关重要的作用。

Erythropoietin is an endogenous 34000 glycoprotein hormone composed of 165 amino acids.EPO is mainly derived from the liver of the fetus and synthesized in the kidney after birth,but is secreted by the liver,kidney,brain,reproductive system,bone marrow macrophage and mammary gland.The production of EPO is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors.EPO can significantly stimulate the proliferation and survival of red blood cells and promote hematopoiesis;it has been used clinically to treat chronic renal anemia,anemia caused by bone marrow tumors and myelodysplasia.EPO has a wide range of physiological functions and it is found in all systems of animal life.Apart from promoting hematopoiesis,EPO also promotes angiogenesis,and shows brain protection,kidney protection,heart protection,regulation of metabolism,regulation of inhalation,protection of the digestive system and reproductive system.Animals without EPO can hardly survive.It illustrates that EPO plays an important role in life.