基于“3414”施肥方案的二年生桔梗主要性状的综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of the main characters of the biennial Platycodon grandiflorum based on“3414”fertilization scheme

针对目前桔梗生产中存在的"上等品紧缺,次等品严重积压"的制约桔梗生产的问题,采用"3414"施肥方案,通过氮磷钾肥料的不同配比组合,探讨在北方寒冷地区氮磷钾肥用量对二年生桔梗的有关产量和外观品质方面性状的影响,同时筛选出适于北方寒冷地区沙土条件下的最佳氮磷钾施用配比。试验结果表明,桔梗的株高、茎粗、茎叶鲜重、根长、根径、侧根数、单根鲜重、经济系数等主要农艺性状与不施肥处理(N_0P_0K_0)相比存在着较大差异,且施肥处理的综合表现均好于N_0P_0K_0;通过隶属函数法对14种不同氮磷钾肥配比处理后的二年生桔梗的主要性状进行综合评价。平均隶属函数值由高到低的顺序为N_2P_2K_3>N_2P_2K_2>N_2P_3K_2>N_0P_2K_2>N_2P_1K_2>N_1P_2K_2>N_3P_2K_2>N_1P_1K_2>N_2P_2K_1>N_1P_2K_1>N_2P_2K_0>N_0P_0K_0>N_2P_0K_2>N_2P_1K_1,在14种不同氮磷钾肥料配比处理中,处理N_2P_2K_3(N 8.8 g/m~2、P_2O_5 17.4 g/m~2、K_2O 45 g/m~2)和处理N_2P_2K_2(N 8.8 g/m~2、P_2O_5 17.4 g/m~2、K_2O 30 g/m~2)的综合表现最好,根长长、根径粗、侧根数少、单根鲜重大、经济系数较高。在本研究范围内,多施肥有助于提高桔梗的产量和外观品质,特别要多施磷钾肥效果更佳。

This research is aimed at the problem of“shortage of first-class products and severe backlog of inferior products”in the current production of Platycodon grandiflorum.The“3414”fertilization scheme was adopted to explore the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer amount on the yield and appearance quality of Platycodon grandiflorum in cold northern regions,and select suitable nitngen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer ratio for the sandy soil in northern cold region.The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter,fresh weight of stem and leaf,root length,root diameter,lateral root number,fresh weight of single root,economic coefficient and other major agronomic traits of Platycodon grandiflorum were significantly different from no fertilization treatment(N0P0K0),and the comprehensive performance of fertilization treatment was better than N0P0K0.The main characters of biennial Platycodon grandiflorum treated with 14 different ratios of NPK were comprehensively evaluated by membership function method.The order of average membership function value from high to low was N2P2K3>N2P2K2>N2P3K2>N0P2K2>N2P1K2>N1P2K2>N3P2K2>N1 P1 K2>N2 P2 K1>N1P2K1>N2P2K0>N0P0K0>N2P0K2>N2P1K1.In the 14 different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer ratio treatments,the comprehensive performance of treatment N2P2K3(N 8.8 g/m2,P2O517.4 g/m2,K2O 45 g/m2)and treatment N2P2K2(N 8.8 g/m2,P2O517.4 g/m2,K2O 30 g/m2)is the best,which has the longer root length,thicker root diameter,less number of lateral roots,larger single root fresh weight and higher economic coefficient.In the scope of this study,fertilization is helpful to improve the yield and appearance quality of Platycodon grandiflorum.In particular,the effect of applying more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is better.