河西灌区制种玉米化肥减量技术对制种产量的影响

Effects of fertilizer reduction technology on yield of maize for seed production in Hexi oasis irrigated area

化肥超量施用是河西灌区制种玉米种植中的突出问题,为探寻制种玉米化肥减量途径,在甘肃张掖同时设置3个田间试验,采用的化肥减量技术措施分别为化肥配施有机肥,化肥配施中微量元素和制种玉米套作绿肥,通过对各项试验中制种玉米产量的分析,探究制种玉米化肥减量有效措施。结果表明:本研究条件下,制种玉米化肥的适宜施用量为N 300 kg·hm~(-2),P_2O_5 150 kg·hm~(-2)和K_2O 150 kg·hm~(-2),配施有机肥后各处理玉米产量较单施化肥处理呈不同程度增加,平均增幅14%,MN_(300)P_(150)K_(150)较N_(450)P_(150)K_(150)化肥氮减量33.3%,玉米却增产9.7%;化肥配施中微量元素后,N_(375)P_(150)K_(150)S较N_(375)P_(150)K_(150)产量增幅达14%,较N_(450)P_(150)K_(150)化肥氮减量16.6%,而实现增产10.4%;玉米间作绿肥后,绿肥全部翻压+N358.5和绿肥全部翻压+N313.5的化肥氮用量较绿肥刈割留茬+N388.5分别降低了10%和25%,玉米产量却分别提高0.5%和2.2%。综上所述,配施有机肥,中微量元素,间作绿肥翻压可实现河西走廊制种玉米化肥氮减量,配施的适宜化肥氮投入量为N 300 kg·hm~(-2)。

Excessive application of chemical fertilizers is a big problem in the maize planting for seed production in Hexi oasis irrigated area.In order to explore an efficient path to fertilizer reduction,three field experiments were conducted in Zhangye,Gansu,including the chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer,the chemical fertilizer combined with medium and trace element and maize for seed production intercropping with green manure.The yields of maize of the experiments were analyzed to explore effective measures to reduce the application of fertilizer.The results showed that in present study,the appropriate application rate of fertilizer for maize for seed production was N 300 kg·hm-2,P2O5150 kg·hm-2 and K2O 150 kg·hm-2,respectively.Compared to the fertilizer treatment,the yield of the fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer treatments increased by 14%averagely.Compared with N450P150K150,the nitrogen rate was reduced by 33.3%for MN300P150K150,however,the yield of maize for seed production increased by 9.7%.In the experiment of the fertilizer combined with medium and trace element,compared to N375P150K150,the yield of maize for seed production for N375P150K150S increased by 14%,and compared with N450P150K150,nitrogen rate decreased by 16.6%,but yield of maize for seed production increased by 10.4%.In the experiment maize for seed production intercropping with green manure,compared to cutting and stay stubble+N388.5,the reduction rates of nitrogen for all green manure turnover+N358.5 and all green manure turnover+N313.5 were 10%and 25%,respectively,nevertheless,the yield of maize for seed production increased by 0.5%and 2.2%,respectively.To sum up,it is an effective way of reduction fertilizer for maize for seed production to apply organic fertilizer,medium and trace elements,and intercropping green manure,and combination with N 300 kg·hm-2 is appropriate to maize for seed production in Hexi oasis irrigated area.