基于动力学模型约束的空间目标精确跟踪算法研究

Precise Tracking Algorithm of Space Target Based on Dynamic Model

空间目标监视必须要解决的关键核心问题之一是对目标运动轨迹进行快速、准确地预报,然而空间目标运动轨迹准确预报需要高精度的预报初值点作为前提,对空间目标数据进行滤波处理可以降低随机误差的影响提高数据精度,但还很难达到空间目标高精度轨迹预报的要求.为此,论文从空间目标运动特性出发,利用空间目标动力学方程对状态方程进行实时约束,建立了基于动力学模型约束的空间目标精确跟踪算法,该算法由目标动力学模型实时估计目标加速度,通过将空间目标加速度约束的非线性函数线性化,利用空间目标加速度对状态的实时修正和协方差反馈循环来提高目标跟踪精度,进而获得更高精度的轨迹预报初值点数据.

The key problem that must be solved in space target monitoring is fast and accurate prediction of target trajectory.The target’s trajectory accurate prediction needs high precision initial value as the premise.Although filtering the target data can reduce the influence of random error and improve the accuracy of data,it is difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision trajectory prediction of space targets.In order or solve this problem,space targets precise tracking algorithm based on dynamic model is proposed,which makes full use of the motion characteristics of space target and establishes the state equation constrained by dynamic model.This algorithm can estimate the real time acceleration of space target by target dynamic model,and the acceleration constrained nonlinear function is turned into approximate linear function,by which the real-time estimation of acceleration and covariance feedback are used to improve the tracking accuracy of space targets.Then,the initial data of trajectory prediction with high accuracy can be obtained.