马克思探究资本主义生产方式的重要方法--透视《资本主义生产以前的各种形式》

Marx's Theory of Deconstruction of the Capitalist Mode of Production——On Formen,die der kapitalistischen Produktion vorhergehen

《资本主义生产以前的各种形式》作为《1857—1858年经济学手稿》之“资本章”的重要篇目,是马克思解构资本主义生产方式相对成熟的典型文献,其中蕴含的分析资本主义的重要方法论及其主要原则,集中体现了马克思对资本主义生产方式的认识成果和理解方式。以“从后思索”的逆向思维、“现实解剖”的历史思维与“范畴抽象”的逻辑思维的综合运用为基本特征,马克思详细考察了资本主义生产方式的形成过程与确立条件、资本的原始形成、资本主义私有制社会的存在本质以及未来走向。这些观点构成了马克思探究资本主义生产方式起源的一般性理论,是系统掌握马克思资本主义观、马克思主义方法论特质的重要理论资源。

Formen, die der kapitalistischen Produktion vorhergehen is a typical document in which Marx deconstructed the capitalist mode of production. The important methodology for analyzing capitalism and its main principles contained therein fully embodies Marx’s understanding of the capitalist mode of production.Based on the comprehensive application of the "historical thinking", "realistic anatomy" and the logical thinking of "category abstract", Marx examines in detail the formation process and conditions of the capitalist mode of production, and the existial essence and future trend of capitalist society. These views constitute the general theory of Marx’s exploration of the origin of the capitalist mode of production, and are important theoretical resources for systematically grasping the characteristics of Marxist methodology.