国家行动者、社会利用与动员遣散

State Actors,Social Appropriation,and Demobilization

抗争政治理论致力于寻找关键机制,来解释集体抗议的兴起、演变轨迹与行动的结果.社会利用是一个反复出现并且深刻影响集体抗议的关键机制.已有的研究探讨了社会利用机制的运作条件,不过,这些条件是以社会行动者为中心、以抗议动员为取向的.至于国家在什么条件下动员第三方组织抑制社会行动者的集体抗议行动,至今仍然还是一个研究空白.本文基于律师参与信访调解的案例,探讨在特定的政治制度下,社会利用机制如何帮助国家行动者实现运用第三方力量,去消解那些被视为破坏社会秩序的抗议行动.在这种情况下,社会利用机制发挥作用,取决于三个条件:一是,国家必须建立起对先前的、独立的社会组织在制度上或非制度上的主导权,使得后者在某些方面依附于前者;二是,国家必须通过文化建设,说服先前存在的组织参与到遣散集体行动者的合作当中;三是,行动者坚持的集体身份,得到了先前存在的组织的认同.

Theory of Contentious Politics is dedicated to secking those crucial mechanisms to account for the emergence,evolving trajectory and consequences of collective actions.Social appropriation is one of recurrent and influcntial mechanisms.The existing studics have explored the conditions under which social appropriation operates.however,such conditions relate to the fact,which social actors are scen as the center and the explanation orientation is pertinent to contentious mobilization upward.As to the situation,which state actors mobilize independent existing organizations to defuse contentious actions,it has been a gap needed to fill in.Based on the case study on lawyers organized by the state in China to demobilize contentious behaviors,this paper illuminates that how an authoritarian regime utilizes the mechanism of social appropriation to defuse contentious actions by means of the third party.The empirical research demonstrates that social appropriation runs depends on the following three conditions:first,the state has to establish dominance over the existing organizations in institutional or un-institutional way so that the existing organizations relics on the state;second,the state has to set up cultural frame for the willing cooperation of existing organizations to demobilize collctive contention;finally,collctive identity recognized among social actors has been confirmed and supported by those existing organizations.