铜氨纤维制备实验条件的优化

Optimization of Experimental Conditions for Preparation of Copper Ammonia Fiber

铜氨纤维是一种性能优异的“绿色纺织品”,作为纤维素性质的拓展,在高中及大学教材里都引入铜氨纤维的制备.通过对铜氨纤维制备实验的条件研究,发现CuSO_(4)溶液、NaOH溶液的量及二者的比例关系,浓氨水的量、沉淀的处理方式及最终硫酸介质的量及温度,对产品质量都有一定的影响.实验结果表明,用10 mL 15%的CuSO_(4)溶液与10 mL 25%NaOH溶液反应后,沉淀,静置,抽滤,洗涤,加入浓氨水,得到深蓝色的铜氨溶液;将脱脂棉溶解其中,得到黏稠液,再注入25 mL、30℃的20%H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中拉丝,制得高质量的铜氨纤维.该实验方法简便,现象明显,重复性好,适于学生实验.

Copper ammonia fiber is a kind of"green textile"with excellent performance.Experiments on the preparation of copper ammonia fibers have been introduced in high school and college textbooks as an extension of cellulose properties.It is found that the quantity of CuSO_(4) solution,NaOH solution and their proportion relation,the amount of concentrated ammonia water,the treatment of precipitation and the amount and temperature of sulfuric acid medium all have certain influence on the quality of the product.The experimental results show that after 10 mL 15%CuSO_(4) solution is reacted with 10 mL 25%NaOH solution,the precipitate is obtained,and then standing,filtering,washing,and adding concentrated ammonia water,the dark blue copper ammonia solution is obtained.The absorbent cotton was dissolved in it to obtain the viscous liquid,and then injected into 25mL 20%H_(2)SO_(4) solution at 30℃for wire drawing to prepare high quality copper ammonia fiber.This method is simple,obvious and reproducible,which is suitable for students'experiment.