责任保险在生态环境损害赔偿实现中的运用与完善

Application and Improvement of Liability Insurance in the Realization of Compensation for Ecological Environment Damage

当前,我国生态环境形势依然严峻,国家高度重视环境污染与生态环境治理及生态文明建设,正在大力推进生态环境损害赔偿制度改革。与此相应,中华人民共和国《民法典》已经对生态环境损害责任进行了规定。鉴于生态环境损害具有复杂性、广泛性、公益性、持久性等特征,实现生态环境损害救济与生态环境治理需要依靠以责任保险机制为重要构成的多元治理机制发挥协同作用。其中责任保险作为一种有效的市场机制型风险分配方案能够产生诸多正外部性效益,并能弥补其他救济机制的不足。为使生态环境损害责任保险机制效用的充分发挥,应适用浮动费率、差别费率;强化保险公司参与风险防控与监督的权利;通过适当举措降低保险公司的责任负担与责任风险,并配合实施相应的财政政策与税收政策。

At present,the situation of ecological environment is still severe in China.China attaches great importance to environmental pollution and ecological environment governance and ecological civilization construction,and is vigorously promoting the reform of the compensation system for ecological environment damage.Correspondingly,Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China has stipulated the liability for ecological environment damage.Because of the complexity,extensiveness,public welfare,and persistence of ecological environment damage,the relief of ecological environment damage and the governance of the ecological environment need to rely on the synergy of multiple governance mechanisms with liability insurance as an important component.Liability insurance,as an effective market-based risk distribution mechanism,can produce many positive externalities and make up for the deficiencies of other relief mechanisms.In order to give full play to the effectiveness of the liability insurance mechanism for ecological environment damage,floating rate and differential rate should be applied.It is sensible to strengthen the rights of insurance companies to participate in risk prevention,control and supervision.It is also advisable to take appropriate measures to reduce the liability burden and liability risk of insurance companies,and cooperate with the implementation of corresponding property policy and tax policy.