清代前期刑事政策转变之探析——以侵犯财产罪为中心

On the Change of Criminal Policy in the Early Qing Dynasty--Focusing on the Crime of Infringing upon Property

清代立法普遍加重了侵犯财产犯罪的处刑,其中以规定盗窃罪最重刑为死刑最具代表性,尤其在未发生人身伤害的情况下,仅侵犯财产即可处死刑,为以往历代立法所鲜见。通过加重处罚侵犯财产行为,将财产权利视为重要的保护客体,突出了加强保护个人财产的立法意图。但同时在实际执行中采取以司法调节立法的方式,对盗窃行为实际适用死刑的裁判极为少见。清初刑事政策的调整既与人口、经济等客观因素有关,又与缓和民族矛盾以及实现稳定统治的考量有关。

Legislation in the Qing Dynasty generally increased the penalties for crimes of property infringement.Among them,the death penalty was the most severe punishment for the crime of theft.The death penalty could be imposed only for property infringement without personal injury,which is rarely seen in previous dynasties.By increasing penalties for property infringements,and treating property rights as an important object of protection,it highlights the legislative intention to strengthen the protection of personal property.But at the same time,judicial regulation of legislation was adopted in actual implementation,and it is extremely rare that the death penalty was actually applied to theft.The adjustment of criminal policy in the early Qing Dynasty was related not only to objective factors such as population and economy,but also to the consideration of easing ethnic conflicts and achieving stable governance.