俄罗斯生物安全法述评

Commentary on Russian Biosafety Law

随着全球生物安全形势日益严峻,许多国家都将保护生物安全纳入国家安全战略。美国、英国、俄罗斯、日本等发达国家均通过发布国家生物安全战略规划、行动计划或相关法律等对国家生物安全予以重点关注。俄罗斯政府为维护国家生物安全,从顶层设计入手,相继出台《国家生物多样性保护战略》《俄罗斯生物多样性保护国家行动计划》等文件。2020年1月,俄罗斯国家杜马一审通过了《俄罗斯生物安全法(草案)》,并由俄罗斯总统普京于2020年12月正式签署生效。恰逢同年10月,中国第十三届全国人大常委会审议通过《中华人民共和国生物安全法》(以下简称《生物安全法》)。为了进一步了解我国《生物安全法》,本文将采用比较研究方法对《俄罗斯生物安全法》体例、结构、内容等进行述评,以期对我国《生物安全法》进一步完善修订提供参考性建议。

With the increasing global biosafety situation,many countries have incorporated the protection of biosafety into their national security strategies.The United States,the United Kingdom,Russia,Japan and other developed countries have focused on national biosafety by issuing national biosafety strategic plans,action plans or related laws.In order to maintain the national biological security,the Russian government has started from the top level design,and has issued the National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy,the Russian National Action Plan for Biodiversity Protection and other documents.In January 2020,the Russian State Duma adopted the Russian Biosecurity Law(Draft)at first instance.Subsequently,Russian President Vladimir Putin formally signed the Russian Biosafety Law in December 2020.In the same year,the standing Committee of the Thirteenth National people’s Congress of China deliberated and adopted the Biosafety Law of the people’s Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as the Biosecurity Law)in October.For the purpose of further understanding of the Biosafety Law of our country,the author will use a comparative method to review the style,structure and content of the biosecurity law of Russia,and provide reference suggestions for further improvement and revision of the Biosecurity Law of our country.