3Porter M E. Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance[M]. New York: The Free Press, 1985.
4Holsapple C W, Singh M. The knowledge chain model:activities for competitiveness[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2001,20( 1 ).
5Allard S, Holsapple C W. Knowledge management as a key for E - business competitiveness: from the knowledge management to KM audits [J]. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 2002, 42 (5).
6Holsapple C, Jones K, Singh M. Linking knowledge to competitiveness: knowledge chain evidence and extensions[M]//Jennex M E eds. Knowledge Management in Modem Organizations. Hershey: Idea Group Publishing, 2007.
7Lee C C, Yang J. Knowledge value chain[J]. The Journal of Management Development, 2000, 19 (9).
8Debenham J, Clark J. The knowledge audit [J]. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing Journal, 1994, 11 (3).
9Lusch R, Harvey M. The case for an off balance sheet controller [J]. Sloan Management Review, 1994, 35(3).
10Lehman B A. Intellectual property: America's competitive advantage in the 21st century {J]. Columbia Journal of World Business, 1996, 31(1).