师幼互动质量评价工具的述评及其对幼儿教育的启示

A Review of the Quality Evaluation Tool of Teacher-Child Interaction and Its Enlightenment to Early Childhood Education

师幼互动是幼儿社会互动的重要形式,不仅影响幼儿当下的学习与发展,更能够显著预测个体后期学业成就和行为结果。当前,师幼互动质量已被普遍认为是学前教育质量最重要的过程性评价指标之一,兼具双主体性和非对称性等特征。其评价工具从聚焦师幼间的关系质量发展到关注互动质量,后者包括班级(集体)水平的师幼互动和个体水平的二元互动。未来,应着重建立基于双主体性的评价方法,开发适宜多种教育环境类型的评价工具,构建师幼互动质量动态评价系统。以此为鉴,在幼儿教育实践方面,应以幼儿为本位,重构师幼互动中的双主体性;重视个体差异,建立多层次师幼互动模式;以评促教,形成以指标体系为抓手的幼儿教师专业发展策略。

Teacher-child interaction is an important form of children's social interaction,which not only affects children's current learning and development,but also can significantly predict the individual's later academic achievements and behaviors.Its quality now has been generally considered as one of the most important evaluation indicators of the quality of preschool education,which has the characteristics of double subjects and asymmetry.Its evaluation tools range from focusing on the quality of the teacher-child relationship to their mutual interaction.The latter includes teacher-child interaction at the class(collective)level and binary interaction at the individual level.In the future,the researchers should focus on establishing an evaluation method based on dual subjects and develop tools that are suitable for various types of educational environment,and construct a dynamic evaluation system for teacher-child interaction.At the same time,in education practice,the researcher should be based on children's development and reconstruct the dual subjectivity in the teacher-child interaction.Taking this as a lesson,in the practice of early childhood education,children should be taken as the priority and the dual subjects in teacher-child interaction should be reconstructed.Researchers should value individual differences and establish multi-level teacher-child interaction model.It is necessary to use evaluation to promote teaching and with the indicator system as the starting point,to form a professional development strategy regarding preschool teachers.