演出艺术学之曲艺学与杂技学的历史与现状

The History and Current State of Quyi Studies and Acrobatics

以“搬演出来”为表现形式的艺术类型可统称为演出艺术,包括音乐、舞蹈、曲艺、杂技、戏剧等。其中,曲艺与杂技的学科建设相对势弱。当代曲艺学萌发于新文化运动,经历了“借势”发轫、教研相辅、夯实基础、学科成形等发展阶段,学科架构可分为曲艺史论、曲艺本体理论、曲艺应用研究及曲艺跨学科研究四大板块,曲艺学科地位的确立与体系化建设是当代曲艺发展的迫切需求。古代杂技往往被囊括于百戏、散乐中。民国时期“杂技”一词逐渐代替“散乐”“百戏”。近现代杂技理论的成长经历了古今过渡、探索沉淀、复苏发展、深化拓展四个阶段,其中魔术理论与魔术教育曾一度超前发展。目前杂技学科体系初步成形,杂技学的创建必要且紧迫。

Any type of art that is“put on the stage”can be collectively referred as performing art that includes music,dance,Quyi(Chinese folk arts),acrobatics,drama etc.Among them,the discipline construction of Quyi and acrobatics is relatively weak.Contemporary Quyi studies originated from the New Culture Movement,and have gone through the development stages of commencement by“taking advantage of the opportunity”,complementary development between teaching and research,laying a solid foundation,and discipline formation.The discipline structure can be divided into four parts of historiography,ontology,application research,and interdisciplinary research.The establishment and systematic construction of Quyi discipline are the urgent needs for the development of contemporary Quyi.In ancient times,acrobatics were often regarded as various types of opera(“Baixi”)and folk music(“Sanyue”).During the period of the Republic of China,“acrobatics”gradually replaced terms of“Sanyue”and“Baixi”.The growth of modern acrobatic theory has gone through four stages:the transition from the ancient to the modern,the exploration and sedimentary accretion,recovery&development,and deepening&extending.Among them,the theory and education of magic once advanced ahead of time.At present,the discipline system of acrobatics has taken shape and the establishment of acrobatics as a discipline is necessary and urgent.