深井钻进井底参数测量系统用传感器的分析研究

Analytical research on downhole measurement sensors used in deep drilling

深井、超深井钻探工程中,钻进工艺和操作技术非常重要,直接影响钻井技术经济指标,目前主要依靠地面仪表显示的读数指标来指导钻进。但是,地面仪表显示的读数与井底钻进工艺参数实际数值有一定差异,而且孔越深,差异越大,据俄罗斯超深井钻井研究结果,这个差异可达20%~30%。为此俄罗斯成功研发出了井底参数测量系统,取得了很好的效果,其中传感器是关键器具。本文将俄罗斯深井钻进测量系统中使用的多种传感器进行了综合整理,包括井底钻井液压力传感器、井底温度传感器、井斜顶角传感器、井斜方位角传感器、井底钻头轴载传感器,介绍了这些井底参数传感器的结构组成及工作原理,并分析了传感器与井底-井口联系通道的配合问题。以期对我国13000 m的特深地质井钻进提供参考。

Exploration for deep mineral deposits is underway in China and great progress has been made,and the same is true for other countries.In drilling deep boreholes,drilling technology and operation are very important,since it directly influences technical and economical indexes of drilling.At present they are guided mainly by data shown at surface devices.However,the data are different from borehole bottom real parameters,and the greater the depth,the bigger the difference.According to the results from Russian super deep borehole drilling research,the difference between them can be up to 25%to 30%.Russian specialists have successfully developed the downhole measurement system with good results obtained.This paper summarizes,discusses,analyzes and introduces the sensors-the key elements in the measurement system,so as to provide some reference for drilling ultra‑deep geological boreholes with depth of 13000m in China.