论孔子的“时”教

On Confucius’“Shi”Teaching

在孔子的教育话语中,"时"是一个重要的概念,成为理解其教育思想的一维。在《论语》的记载中,"时"有时间、时机、时节等多种内涵,彰显了孔子教学活动的多种诉求。时间的易逝性昭示了教育的必要性,通过教育活动,个体得以成长,知识得以传承,对于人生短暂的焦虑得以缓释。教育过程中对"天时"与"人时"的遵从,彰显了孔子对客观自然规律和个体发展规律的尊重,体现出天人合一的文化认同。孔子的教学非常重视因时而教,因时而学,通过适时的引导和启发学生,达到良好的教学效果。因时施教要求师生之间相互了解,亲密无间,这一传统延续到后世的私学和书院,构筑了良好的师生关系,对于今天的教师教育也很有启发。

In Confucius’educational discourse,"Shi"is an important concept,and it has become a dimension for understanding his educational thoughts.In the records of"The Analects","Shi"has multiple connotations such as time,opportunity and season,which demonstrates the various demands of Confucius’teaching activities.The perishability of time shows the necessity of education.Through educational activities,life can grow,knowledge can be continued,and anxiety about the transience of life can be relieved.The obedience to"time of heaven"and"time of man"in the education process demonstrates Confucius’respect for the objective laws of nature and the laws of individual development,and reflects the cultural identity of the unity of nature and man.The teaching of Confucius attaches great importance to teaching and learning in accordance with the Shi,through timely guidance and enlightenment of students,to achieve good teaching results.Teaching on the basis of"Shi"requires mutual understanding and closeness between teachers and students.This tradition continues to the private schools and academies of later generations,and builds a good teacher-student relationship,which is also inspiring for today’s teacher education.