北京市城区雨量站网最优布设模式研究

Explored and analyzed urban precipitation station network optimal layout pattern and rationality

雨量监测的准确性对城市防洪减灾和保障城市运行产生重大影响,雨量站网布设模式直接影响区域雨量监测的准确性。选取北京市中心城区为研究对象,采用数理统计相结合的方法,在现有雨量站网布设的基础上,设置11个雨量站密度梯度(T1~T11),对北京市中心城区雨量站网布设合理性进行评价,提出最优雨量站布设方式。通过2年21场降雨实测数据分析结果表明,T10雨量站网布设密度实测面雨量值与目标值相差0~3.3%;最大雨量控制率和最大雨强控制率达100%;均方根误差(RMSE)、相对误差(Rd)、绝对误差(MRE)分别为0.3、0.0077和0.22,NSE系数为0.9999接近于1。综合考虑面雨量值、最大雨量及最大雨强等3个参数,同时考虑雨量站的后期维护管理。认为T10(8 km^(2)/站)梯度雨量站数量和布设较为合理,8 km^(2)/单站雨量站的布设模式为城区雨量监测最优站网布设模式。本研究旨在解决如何科学、经济、合理布设雨量站网这一基本问题。

The accuracy of the rainfall monitoring has a significant impact on urban flood controlling and ensuring urban operation.The layout patterns of the precipitation station network directly affect the accuracy of regional rainfall monitoring.This study adopted the central urban area of Beijing as the research object,evaluated the rationality of the layout of the precipitation station in the central urban area of Beijing and proposed the optimum precipitation station layout pattern,using the method of combining mathematical statistics and setting up 11 precipitation station density gradient(T1~T11)on the basis of the existing precipitation station network.By analyzing the measured data of the 21 rainfall in two years,the results showed that the difference between the measured areal rainfall values of T10 precipitation station network density and the target values was 0%~3.3%.The maximum precipitation and the largest precipitation intensity control rate were 100%.The RMSE,Rd,MRE were 0.3,0.0077,and 0.22,respectively.The Ens coefficient is 0.9999 which was closed to 1.By comprehensively considering the three parameters of the average precipitation value,maximum rainfall,and the maximum precipitation intensity,as well as the later maintenance and management of precipitation station,this study proposed that the number and layout of T10(every 8 km^(2))gradient precipitation station were reasonable and the layout mode of8 km^(2)/station rainfall station was the optimal station network layout mode for urban rainfall monitoring.This paper aimed to solve the problem of how to scientifically,economically,and reasonably deploy a precipitation station network.