2018年自贡市15岁以下健康人群麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎抗体水平调查

Measles,Rubella and Mumps Antibody Levels in Healthy Population Under 15 Years in Zigong City

目的了解自贡市15岁以下健康人群麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎IgG抗体水平,为制定针对性免疫策略提供依据。方法 2018年采用多阶段随机定额抽样法抽取自贡市15岁以下健康人群共349份血清样本,检测麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎IgG抗体水平,使用SPSS 25.0软件对数据进行χ^(2)检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果 349名监测对象中,麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎抗体阳性率分别为87.7%、59.3%和57.3%,男女之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。有免疫史人群麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎抗体阳性率明显高于无免疫史人群,随着免疫剂次的增加,抗体阳性率也随之升高(P<0.05)。麻疹抗体阳性率在1岁以内婴幼儿人群中最低(68.97%);风疹抗体阳性率在中学生人群中最低(33.33%),且随着末次接种后年限的延长抗体阳性率下降迅速(趋势χ_(风疹)^(2)=16.706,P<0.001);流腮抗体阳性率在小学生中较低(55.79%)但在中学生中最高(78.79%)。结论自贡市15岁以下健康人群麻疹免疫屏障较牢固,但风疹和流行性腮腺炎抗体水平均不高。建议自贡市在保持高水平常规免疫的基础上,对11~15岁人群开展风疹类疫苗查漏补种工作,并对学龄前儿童加强1剂次腮腺炎类疫苗接种。

Objective To determine antibody levels of measles,rubella and mumps in healthy population under 15 years in Zigong City,Sichuan Province,so as to formulate targeted immunization strategies.Methods A total of 349 samples from healthy people under 15 years in Zigong City were collected by using a multi-stage random quota sampling method in 2018.IgG antibody levels of measles,rubella and mumps were detected.SPSS 25.0 software was used for chi-square tests with the significance level ofα=0.05.Results The positive rates of measles,rubella and mumps antibody were 87.7%,59.3%and 57.3%in 349 subjects,respectively.There was no significant difference of the positive rates between men and women(P>0.05).The antibody positive rates of measles,rubella and mumps in the immunized population was significantly higher than that in the non-immunized population,and showed an upward trend with the increase of the immunization times(P<0.05).The antibody positive rate of measles was the lowest among infants under 1 year(68.97%).The antibody positive rate of rubella was the lowest among middle school students(33.33%),and decreased rapidly with the prolongation of years after the last inoculation(trendχrubella2=16.706,P<0.001).The positive rate of mumps antibody was lower in primary school students(55.79%),but was the highest in middle school students(78.79%).Conclusion In Zigong City,the immune barrier of measles in healthy people under 15 years is relatively strong,but the antibody level of rubella and mumps is not high.On the basis of maintaining a high level of routine immunization,rubella vaccine should be checked and revaccination should be carried out for people aged 11-15 years,and one dose of mumps vaccine should be strengthened for preschool children.