2014-2019年广州市0~6岁儿童伤害流行特征分析

The Epidemiological Characteristics of Injuries in Children Aged 0-6 in Guangzhou in 2014 to 2019

目的了解广州市0~6岁儿童伤害发生情况,为今后制订学龄前儿童的伤害干预政策提供依据。方法以2014-2019年广州市伤害监测信息系统中报告的0~6岁学龄前儿童伤害病例资料为研究对象,用SPSS20.0对数据各特征构成比进行描述,用卡方检验进行差异分析。结果 2014-2019年共报告0~6岁学龄前儿童伤害病例32 974例,男女性别比为1.56∶1,其中0~3岁23 466例,4~6岁9 508例;0~6岁学龄前儿童伤害发生前5位依次为跌倒坠落(37.78%)、烧烫伤(27.93%)、动物伤(11.35%)、钝器伤(11.28%)、刀/锐器伤(3.88%),0~3岁与4~6岁组伤害原因构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1276.536,P<0.01);0~6岁儿童烧烫伤的主要原因是开水或奶,涉及物品主要为饮水容器;4~6岁儿童因电、火、煤气、香烟等导致的烧烫伤(54例,4.79%)明显高于0~3岁儿童(147例,2.54%),两年龄组烧烫伤主要原因差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=41.416,P<0.01)。伤害发生以家中为主,多发于7~10月,超过九成儿童为轻度伤害,经门诊治疗后可出院。结论广州市0~6岁儿童主要伤害原因为跌倒坠落,伤害地点主要为家中,第3季度为伤害发生高峰;0~3岁和4~6岁儿童主要伤害原因构成有所不同,宣教应有所侧重。

Objective To investigate the injuries characteristics of 0-6 years old children in Guangzhou,in order to provide a basis for formulating injury intervention policies for preschool children in the future.Methods This study took the data of 0-6 years old preschool children’s injury cases reported in the Guangzhou Injury Surveillance Information System from 2014 to 2019 as the research object.SPSS 20.0 was used to describe the composition ratio of the data,and the chi-square test was used to analyze the difference.Results There were 32974 injury cases of preschool children aged 0-6 reported in 2014 to 2019,with a sex ratio of 1.56∶1.Among them,23466 cases were 0-3 years old,and 9508 cases were 4-6 years old.The top five causes of 0-6 years old preschool children′s injury were falls(37.78%),burns(27.93%),animal injuries(11.35%),blunt injuries(11.28%)and knife/sharp injuries(3.88%),there was a statistically significant difference in the composition ratio of injuries between 0-3 years old and 4-6 years old groups.The main cause of burns in children aged 0-6 was boiling water or milk,and the main items involved were cups.Burns caused by electric,fire,gas or cigarettes in children aged 4-6 years(54 cases,4.79%)were much higher than that in 0-3 years old(147 cases,2.54%),the main causes of burns in the two age groups were statistically different(χ^(2)=41.416,P<0.01).Injuries mainly occurred at home.Most of the injuries occurred in July-October.Over90%injury cases were slightly and could leave after outpatient treatment.Conclusion The main cause for children aged 0-6 years old in Guangzhou was falls.The injury mainly occurred at home.The peak of injuries concentrated in the third quarter of year.The main causes of injuries for children aged 0-3 and 4-6 are different,and education should be different.