中国地方应急立法的图景、法理与未来——对353份地方应急立法文件的考察

Prospect,Jurisprudence and Future of Local Emergency Legislation in China based on a Study of 353 Local Documents

日趋活跃的地方应急立法是中国特有的应急法治环境与多重机制综合作用的结果。通过对353份地方应急立法文件的时间、地域、内容与立法模式分析发现,中国地方应急立法共享了类似的制度演进模式,具有共通的内在特质。虽然地方应急立法在维护国家整体主义等方面卓有成效,但也存在操作性不强、区域差异较大、内容雷同、立法滞后等问题。未来可以通过提高立法水平、建立多元化立法评估机制等措施改善,同时应当正确处理好应急立法与应急预案、行政权力之间的关系。

The increasingly active local emergency legislation is the result of unique emergency law environment in China and multiple mechanisms.Through the analysis of the time,region,content and legislative mode in 353 local emergency legislation documents,it is found that local emergency legislation in China shares a similar system evolution mode and has common internal characteristics.Although the local emergency legislation is effective in maintaining the national holism,there are some problems such as weak operation,big regional difference,similar content and lagging legislation.Therefore,legislation level should be improved,diversified legislation evaluation mechanism should be established,and the relationship between emergency legislation,emergency plan and administrative power should be correctly handled.