刑事错案发生机制实证研究——以110个典型错案为样本

Empirical Research on the Mechanism of Criminal Misjudged Cases:taking 110 typical Misjudged Criminal Cases as samples

错案的发生既有办案人员刑讯逼供、非法取证、忽视科技手段的运用、坚持有罪推定、过分重视破案率等主观性因素,也有被害人虚假陈述、证人做伪证、司法鉴定错误等客观性因素。因此错案的防治,不仅要改进司法理念,还要建立和完善讯问律师在场、程序性制裁等机制,完善司法鉴定制度和杜绝地方党政机关干预公安司法机关办案,同时应完善刑事诉讼法的实施机制,实现精密司法模式。只有对我国刑事诉讼制度、司法体制、证据制度进行系统改革,才能有效减少错案的发生。

There are subjective reasons leading to misjudged criminal cases,such as extorting confessions by torture,collecting evidence through illegal means,ignoring the use of scientific and technological means,insisting on the presumption of guilt,paying too much attention to the rate of solving cases and so on.The occurrence of misjudged cases also has the objective factors such as false statement of victims,perjury from witnesses,wrong judicial expertise and so on.Therefore,the judicial concept should be improved.The mechanisms such as the presence of interrogation lawyers,procedural sanctions,and judicial identification system should be established and perfected.The interference from local Party and government organs in handling of cases by public security organs should be completely eradicated.The implementation mechanism of the criminal procedure law should be strengthened to realize the precise judicial mode.Only by reforming the criminal procedure system,judicial system and evidence system,can we effectively reduce the occurrence of misjudged cases.