近代城市公园的价值及其保护——以无锡城中公园为例

On Value and Protection of Modern Urban Parks:A Case Study of Wuxi Public Park

我国自近代以来公园建设已有百年历史,中国的近代公园是在半殖民地半封建社会的历史条件下引入的,产生之初便与国内重大的政治、社会、经济变革紧密相连,折射了中国近代主流意识形态的变迁,展现了中国近代社会公共生活及城市化进程。近代城市公园作为一种“西学东渐”的产物,是中国园林发展史发生重大变革的标志物和研究中国近代风景园林的活化石。但不同于历史建筑,近代城市公园非文物的外在表征使其价值在城市更新中往往被忽略;同时,在现代化的进程中年限已久的近代城市公园也面临着更新与改造,其价值及保护问题亟待予以重视。以近代最早由中国人自建的城市公园之一——无锡城中公园为例,通过实地调研及文献史籍爬梳,从公园本体和外部环境两个方面思考归纳出其面临的四个主要问题:不可避免的衰退与更新、公园本体历史信息的遗失、新旧对话的失衡和周边缓冲区域缺失,以期引发对风景园林遗产保护领域的重视,进而使得管理者与专业技术人员在精准认知的前提下更好地保护和发展我国其他的近代城市公园。

The construction of parks in modern China has a history of one hundred years. First introduced in the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society,modern parks were linked with domestic political,social,and economic changes from the beginning,reflecting the changes of mainstream ideology in modern China and providing a perspective of the public life and urbanization process of Chinese modern society. A modern urban park,as a result of the introduction of western culture to the east,is a symbol of great changes in the history of Chinese gardening development and a living fossil of Chinese modern landscape architecture. However,different from historical buildings,the external non-cultural representation of modern urban parks makes their value often ignored in urban renewal. Meanwhile,the old modern urban parks are also facing the renewal and transformation in the process of modernization. Their value and protection need urgent attention. Taking Wuxi Public Park,one of the earliest urban parks built by Chinese people in modern times,as a case study,through the field investigation and literature review,this paper summarizes four main problems it faces from the aspect of the park itself and the external environment,namely the inevitable recession and renewal,the loss of historical information of the park itself,the imbalance of the dialogues between the old and the new,and the lack of buffer areas around the park. The study aims to arouse attention to the field of landscape architecture heritage protection,so that managers,professionals and technical personnel can better protect and develop modern urban parks in China with more accurate recognition.