2020年全球气候特征及重大天气气候事件

Global Climate Features and Significant Weather and Climate Events in 2020

2020年,全球主要温室气体浓度继续保持上升趋势,全球平均温度较工业化前偏高1.2±0.1℃,列历史同期第二高。海平面持续上升,且上升速率更快。2020年,海洋热容量创历史新高,北极年最小海冰范围为有记录以来第二低,7月和10月海冰范围均创历史最低纪录;南极海冰范围接近长期平均水平。超过80%的海洋区域在2020年经历了至少一次海洋热浪,海洋发生“强”海洋热浪的地区超过“中等”海洋热浪的地区。年内,非洲萨赫勒地区、非洲之角、印度次大陆及其邻近地区、中国、韩国和日本以及东南亚部分地区遭受暴雨洪涝;南美内陆多地遭受严重干旱,欧洲及澳大利亚、墨西哥等地遭强热浪影响;北美、南美及澳大利亚发生严寒和大雪;北大西洋共生成30个热带气旋,创历史纪录。

In 2020,concentration of the major greenhouse gases on the earth continued to increase.The global mean temperature was 1.2±0.1℃higher than before industrialization,ranking the second warmest in the same period in history.Sea level continued to rise at a faster rate.The highest ocean heat content was recorded and the Arctic minimum sea ice range became the second smallest on record,of which record low sea ice extents were observed in the months of July and October.The Antarctic sea ice range remained close to the long term average.Over 80%of the ocean area experienced at least one marine heat wave event in 2020.Areas where“strong”ocean heat waves occur were more than the areas with“moderate”ocean heat waves.On the other hand,many countries and regions suffered from severe torrential rain and floods in 2020,including the Sahel Region of Africa,the Greater Horn of Africa,the India Subcontinent and neighbouring areas,China,Korea,Japan,and parts of southeastern Asia,etc.In addition,severe droughts occurred in many parts of interior South America,while Europe,Australia,Mexico and other places were seriously impacted by severe heat wave events.Moreover,severe cold wave and heavy snowfall were experienced in North America,South America and Australia.Also,there were 30 tropical cyclones generated in the North Atlantic,breaking the historic record.