制度设计实验与中国国家治理的“地方性方案”--杭州市余杭区基层协商机制创新实验区研究

System Design,Experiment and Local Plan of Chinese State Governance

中国40年来改革的基本路径就是“突破在地方,规范在中央”,一个基本经验就是中国的政策试点或实验区的实验。“试点”“典型实验”成为理解中国发展、治理过程一个重要的切入点。而观察或参与这些政策实验是推进中国实验政治学的一个重要途径,一个较为可行的方式。本文以杭州市余杭区所承担的“完善基层协商,增强社区自治功能”的实验为例,揭示出地方实验、政策试点的功能就在于为国家治理现代化提供了“地方性方案”。余杭区实验提供了一个从“议什么”到“谁来议”和“怎么议”再到“议的效力”的前后相继的协商治理的闭合体系,实验成果《城乡社区民主协商工作规范》试图将民主协商工作标准化。

Chinese reform in the past 40 years can be summarized as the following:local brea kthrough with central government consent.A very pffective way of implementing reform is carrying out well-designed experiment first before introducing the reform measure throughout the country.This research is a case study of such an experiment conducted in Yuhang District of Hangzhou City.The local experiment is about collaborative governance about what type of public policy for public.discussion,who should be involved in the discussion and how the discussion should be carried out.The end result of the experiment is a refinement and publication of standardized deliberative democracy procedures,i.e.,Procedures of Deliberative Democracy in Urban and Rural Communities.