氢气催化燃烧研究进展

Research Progress in Hydrogen Catalytic Combustion

氢气作为最理想和最有效的能源载体之一,被广泛地应用于各个行业。但是氢气的不完全燃烧和排放问题会造成一定的安全隐患,因此引入了氢气催化燃烧概念。氢气催化燃烧主要涉及催化剂和燃烧器两个方面。催化剂多使用Pt基、Pd基催化剂,它们对氢的吸附性能较强,H-H键容易断裂。载体材料可以改变催化特性。金属钛作载体可以抗高温,铈锆氧化物可以提供氧空位降低点燃温度;分子筛做载体可以对氢气选择性氧化。氢气催化燃烧器多采用固定床反应器、微通道反应器、整体式反应器等,可用于研究氢气催化燃烧特性及动力学方程;漩涡式、多层式反应器利用传热均匀的特点,可用于家庭烹饪、房屋取暖等。

As one of the most ideal and effective energy carriers, hydrogen is widely used in various industries. But the incomplete combustion and emission of hydrogen will cause certain safety hazards, so the concept of hydrogen catalytic combustion is introduced. Hydrogen catalytic combustion mainly involves two aspects: catalyst and burner. The catalysts mostly use Pt-based and Pd-based catalysts, which have strong hydrogen adsorption performance, and H-H bonds are easily broken. The support material can change the catalytic properties. Metal titanium as a carrier can resist high temperatures, cerium-zirconium oxide can provide oxygen vacancies to lower the ignition temperature;molecular sieve as a carrier can selectively oxidize hydrogen. Hydrogen catalytic burners mostly use fixed-bed reactors, micro-channel reactors, monolithic reactors, etc., which can be used to study hydrogen catalytic combustion characteristics and kinetic equations. The multilayer reactors can be used for home cooking and house heating because of the characteristics of uniform heat transfer.