长沙市岳麓区初中入学儿童血压偏高影响因素的性别差异

Gender differences in factors influencing high blood pressure among children enrolled in junior middle schools in Yuelu District,Changsha City

目的调查长沙市岳麓区初中入学儿童血压偏高患病率,探索影响血压偏高的因素和不同因素之间的性别差异。方法采用方便抽样的方法于2019年7-8月在长沙市岳麓区抽取3所中学的初中入学体检人员1 019名作为调查对象进行体格检查、问卷调查。采用多因素logistic回归分析影响血压偏高的因素和性别差异。结果 1 012名有血压数据的调查对象中血压偏高检出人数为257人,检出率为25.40%。多因素logistic回归模型结果显示,与儿童血压偏高有关的因素有超重或肥胖(OR=2.360)、每日在校体育锻炼时间≥2 h(OR=1.735)、吃油炸及甜食过多(OR=1.470),均为血压偏高的危险因素。在这些因素中,对男性儿童血压偏高有影响的为超重或肥胖(OR=1.797)、每日玩电子游戏时间过长(OR=1.711);对女性儿童血压偏高有影响的为超重或肥胖(OR=4.307)、吃油炸及甜食(OR=2.884)、每日在校体育锻炼时间≥2 h(OR=3.093)。结论儿童血压偏高的影响因素具有明显性别差异。超重或肥胖增加为男女生发生血压偏高风险共有危险因素。每日玩电子游戏时间过长为男生独有危险因素,而吃油炸甜食过多和每日在校体育锻炼时间≥2 h为女生独有危险因素,建议对不同性别儿童采取针对性的血压偏高防控措施。

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of high blood pressure among children enrolled in junior middle schools in Yuelu District, Changsha City, and to explore the factors influencing high blood pressure as well as gender differences in different factors. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select 1,019 children undergoing physical examination for school entrance from three junior middle schools in Yuelu District of Changsha City from July to August, 2019. All of them served as the surveyed subjects to take part in physical examination and questionnaire survey. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing high blood pressure and their gender differences. Results Among 1,012 subjects with complete blood pressure data, there were 257 participants with high blood pressure, with the detection rate of 25.40%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors related to the children’s high blood pressure were overweight or obesity(OR=2.360), physical exercise time at school ≥ 2 hours(OR=1.735) and overeating fried and sweet food(OR=1.470), which were all the risk factors for high blood pressure. Among these factors, factors affecting high blood pressure in male children were overweight or obesity(OR=1.797) and spending too much time for playing video games per day(OR=1.711), while factors affecting high blood pressure in female children were overweight or obesity(OR=4.307), eating fried and sweet food( OR = 2.884) and physical exercise time at school ≥ 2 hours( OR = 3.093). Conclusion There are obvious gender differences in factors influencing the children’s high blood pressure. The increment of overweight or obesity is the risk factor for occurring high blood pressure in both male and female children. Spending too much time for playing video games per day is the male-specific risk factor,whereas overeating fried and sweet food and physical exercise time at school ≥ 2 hours are the female-specific risk factors.The results suggest that gender-specific prevention and control measures against high blood pressure should be taken among the children.