云南省K市水厂出厂水中卤乙酸的健康风险评估

Health risk assessment of haloacetic acids in water from water treatment plants in City K,Yunnan Province

目的监测饮用水中卤乙酸污染状况,并对其健康风险进行评价,了解K市人群通过饮水途径可能引起的健康风险。方法依据《生活饮用水标准检测方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)对K市市政水厂出厂水卤乙酸进行监测,利用美国国家环保局推荐的健康风险模型进行风险评价。结果K市饮用水二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸致癌风险范围分别为3.33×10^(-6)~1.38×10^(-4)、1.12×10^(-6)~1.91×10^(-4),二氯乙酸致癌风险占比最高;非致癌健康危害指数分别为1.67×10^(-2)~6.90×10^(-1)、8.34×10^(-4)~1.42×10^(-1)三氯乙酸对非致癌健康危害风险贡献最大。结论K市应重视长期暴露于饮用水中消毒副产物卤乙酸引起的潜在健康风险,降低水中卤乙酸类消毒副产物对人群的健康危害。

Objective To monitor the pollution status of haloacetic acids in drinking water and evaluate their health risk so as to understand the health risk possibly caused by drinking water among residents in City K.Methods Haloacetic acids in water from municipal water treatment plants in City K were monitored according to the Standard Test Method for Drinking Water(GB/T 5750-2006).The health risk model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)was used for the risk assessment.Results The carcinogenic risk ranges of dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid were 3.33×10^(-6)~1.38×10^(-4) and 1.12×10^(-6)~1.91×10^(-4),respectively,and the proportion of carcinogenic risk due to dichloroacetic acid was the highest.The non-carcinogenic health hazard indexes of dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid were1.67×10^(-2)~6.90×10^(-1) and 8.34×10^(-4)~1.42×10^(-1),respectively,and trichloroacetic acid contributed the most to the risk of non-carcinogenic health hazard.Conclusion Attention should be paid to the potential health risk caused by long-term exposure to disinfection by-products in drinking water in City K so as to reduce the health hazards of disinfection by-products like haloacetic acids in drinking water among residents.