胶体金法与荧光免疫层析法检测新型冠状病毒特异性IgM和IgG的比较分析

Comparative analysis of colloidal gold method and fluorescence immunochromatography for the detection of specific IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV

目的对胶体金法与荧光免疫层析法检测新型冠状病毒(简称新冠病毒)特异性IgM和IgG的结果进行比较分析,探讨抗体产生规律及特征。方法用胶体金法和荧光免疫层析法两种方法对28例新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)患者87份血液样本和对照组42份血液样本(经核酸检测排除感染新冠病毒)同时检测新冠病毒特异性IgM和IgG,并对不同采样时间段抗体检测结果进行统计分析。结果胶体金法检测IgM和IgG敏感性分别为54.02%(47/87)、93.10%(81/87),特异性为100.00%(42/42)、97.62%(41/42),荧光免疫层析法检测IgM和IgG敏感性分别为93.10%(81/87)、96.55%(84/87),特异性均为97.62%(41/42);两种方法均显示IgM和IgG转阳平均时间为3周左右,IgM可持续存在50d不消失;荧光免疫层析法显示IgM和IgG浓度均呈先升后降变化,于5周左右达到峰值。结论..荧光免疫层析法检测IgM敏感性明显高于胶体金法,两种方法检测IgM和IgG特异性无差异,胶体金法和荧光免疫层析法均可用于新冠病毒感染的筛查,作为核酸检测方法的有效补充,荧光免疫层析法还可以动态监测抗体浓度的变化。

Objective To compare and analyze the results of specific IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)detected by colloidal gold method and fluorescence immunochromatography so as to explore the law and characteristics of production of the antibodies.Methods Colloidal gold method and fluorescence immunochromatography were simultaneously used to detect specific IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV in 87 blood samples from 28 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and 42 blood samples as the control group without 2019-nCoV infection identified by nucleic acid detection.And statistical analyses of antibody detection results in different sampling time points were conducted.Results The sensitivities of IgM and IgG antibodies detected by colloidal gold method were 54.02%(47/87)and 93.10%(81/87),respectively,and the specificities were 100%(42/42)and 97.62%(41/42),respectively.The sensitivities of IgM and IgG antibodies detected by fluorescence immunochromatography were 93.10%(81/87)and 96.55%(84/87),respectively,and the specificities were both 97.62%(41/42).Both the methods showed that the average time of positive conversion of IgM and IgG antibodies was approximately 3 weeks,and IgM could persist for 50 days in blood.Fluorescence immunochromatography displayed that the concentration of IgM and IgG antibodies showed a trend of first rising and then falling,and reached the peak around 5 weeks.Conclusion The sensitivity of IgM antibody detected by fluorescence immunochromatography is significantly higher than that of colloidal gold method.No differences are found in the specificities of IgM and IgG antibodies detected by the two methods.Both the methods can be used for the screening of 2019-nCoV specific IgM and IgG antibodies.As an effective supplement to nucleic acid detection,the fluorescence immunochromatography can also dynamically monitor the changes in antibody concentration.