邵阳市新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Shaoyang City

目的分析和探讨邵阳市新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情感染谱、分布特征、感染来源及传播特征。方法对确诊病例和无症状感染者开展流行病学个案调查,对密切接触者进行判定、医学观察管理,采用金山WPS Office个人版进行数据整理分析和图表绘制,使用Epi Info软件进行统计学分析。结果邵阳市共报告新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例102例、无症状感染者13例,感染谱包括无症状感染、轻型、普通型、重型、危重型(含死亡病例);重型17例(占14.78%),危重型5例(占4.35%),粗病死率为0.87%,60岁及以上年龄组病死率5.88%,本地病例组的无症状感染者占比18.84%;疫情历时33 d,有27 d同时发生输入性病例和本地病例;输入性病例46例(占40.00%),本地感染69例(占60.00%),输入性病例主要来源于武汉(78.26%),本地感染传播主要来源于家庭内(76.81%)。结论邵阳市新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情呈现输入性疫情、局部聚集性疫情、少数不明感染来源病例特征,未发生明显的社区传播。无症状感染者占比可能高于18.57%。家庭是疫情早期发生传播的主要场所。

Objective To analyze and discuss the infection spectrum, distribution characteristics, source of infection and transmission features of the COVID-19 epidemic in Shaoyang City. Methods Epidemiological surveys were conducted among confirmed cases and asymptomatic infected persons. Determination and medical observation and management of close contacts were performed. The WPS Office Personal Edition was used for data collation analysis and chart drawing, and Epi Info software for statistical analysis. Results In total, 102 COVID-19 confirmed cases and 13 cases of asymptomatic infection were reported in Shaoyang City. The infection spectrum included asymptomatic infection, mild type, common type, severe type and critical type(including death cases). There were 17(14.78%) severe cases and 5(4.35%) critical cases. The crude case fatality rate was 0.87%. The case fatality rate for the age group of 60 years and above was 5.88%. The proportion of asymptomatic infections in the local case group accounted for 18.84%. The epidemic lasted for 33 consecutive days, and the imported and local infection cases were simultaneously reported in 27 days. There were 46(40.00%) imported cases and 69(60.00%) local infection cases. The imported cases were mainly from Wuhan(78.26%), and the source of transmission in the local infection cases was mainly from families(76.81%). Conclusion The outbreak of COVID-19 in Shaoyang City was characterized by an imported and localized clustering epidemic and a few cases of unknown source of infection. No obvious community transmission occurred. The proportion of asymptomatic infections might be higher than 18.57%. Families were the main place for the early spread of the epidemic.