内观化生成实践:黑色旅游情感体验的传导路径与机制

Practice of Internalization:Transmission Path and Mechanism of Dark Tourism Emotional Experience

黑色旅游属于情感化倾向较为明显的一种独特旅游形式,旅游体验中会经历一系列的情感变化,然而,现有散落在黑色旅游中的情感体验研究,多以静态的单一维度呈现,情感体验的内部导向路径和传导机制仍是一个黑箱。选取汶川黑色旅游地的遗址区、纪念区和新建区为案例地,以旅游者评论和游记数据为分析单位,通过扎根理论研究方法,构建了汶川黑色旅游情感体验的传导路径模型,在此基础上,从系统论视角探究其传导机制。研究发现黑色旅游情感体验本质上是一种“内观化生成实践”,即旅游者通过对死亡与新生的两极观照和价值找寻,在从悲伤情结到珍爱认同的情感逆向正迁移中实现自我精神的心灵超越,在时空路径上依次经过情感唤起、情感回应、价值内化和情感输出四个过程。同时,黑色旅游情感体验的传导机制是旅游者、黑色旅游吸引物、标志物(黑色旅游吸引物的信息)、自然社会环境四要素相互作用的循环系统,整个系统在“内观化生成实践”的传导路径上遵循着“多重作用力产生—黑色旅游体验—意义与价值生成”的循环运转逻辑。研究结论不仅丰富了黑色旅游情感体验的过程性理论,亦能更好地理解负面情感体验的正面意义传递,且为当前处于“降温”调整期的汶川黑色旅游地的可持续发展提供优化政策参考。

Dark tourism is unique with obvious emotional tendency,in which tourists go through a series of emotional upheaval.However,the existing emotional dimension in the dark tourism experience research is mostly presented as static single dimensions,the internal guiding path and transmission mechanism of emotional experiencing is still unknown.This study selects the disaster,memory and rebuild sites of dark tourism destination of Wenchuan earthquake area as the cases,takes tourist comments and travel notes data as the analysis unit,and constructs the transmission path model of emotional experience of dark tourism in Wenchuan by grounded theoretical research methods.On this basis,the paper explores transmission mechanism from the perspective of system theory.This study finds:dark tourism emotional experience is essentially a‘practice of internalization’,namely,tourists search for value through the bipolar observation of death and rebirth,realize spiritual transcendence of self-spirit in the reverse positive transfer of emotion from sad complex to cherished identity,which goes through four processes:emotion arousing,emotion reflecting,value internalization and emotion output on the path of time and space.On the other hand,transmission mechanism of dark tourism emotional experience is a circulatory system of interaction among tourists,dark tourism attraction,marker(information about the dark tourism attraction)and natural social environment.The whole system follows the cyclical logic of‘multiple forces generated—dark tourism experience—meaning and value generation’on the transmission path of"practice of internalization".The research enriches the process theory of dark tourism emotional experience,help understand the positive transmission of negative emotional experience and provide optimized policy guidance for the sustainable development of dark tourism destination of Wenchuan earthquake area.